He-Ne激光对小麦属间杂交影响的研究  

Study on the Effects of He-Ne Laser Irradiation on the Wheat Distant Hybridization

作　　者：张显志[1] 曾级芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学

出　　处：《激光生物学报》1999年第2期134-139,共6页Acta Laser Biology Sinica

摘　　要：１９８８年以来，作者采用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光辐照黑麦花粉与杂交相结合的新方法，对小麦属间杂交（普通小麦×黑麦）进行了研究，获得了较好的效应。试验采用随机区组排列，重复三次，单粒条播。辐照方法，采用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光分别以１００秒、２００秒、３００秒辐照三个黑麦品种的花粉，与普通小麦授粉，配制成９个（普通小麦×黑麦）属间杂交组合。所得结果，采用方差分析、新复极差测验法，测定了组合与对照组合相比的差异显著性，也测定了各组合间相互比较的差异显著性。激光辐照小麦属间杂交所获种子的结实率极显著高于对照，为１１３．５２～３４１．６０％。籽粒千粒重和饱满度均超过对照，分别为８４．０７～２９５．４３％、３０．３０～１２７．２７％，差异均极显著。Ｌ１代籽粒出苗率和植株成活率分别比对照提高５８．１８～８３．０６％、４１．３５～８７．７８％，差异达到极显著水平。Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光的诱变作用，在于促进了小麦属间杂交的可交配性，提高了杂交籽粒的结实率，改善了籽粒的饱满度，提高了籽粒的千粒重，因而促进了杂种种子的出苗率和成活率。并且，在Ｌ１代植株中均获得了染色体自然加倍的双二倍体即小黑麦种子。现已获得Ｌ１～Ｌ８代的小黑麦后代材料和稳定株系。高科技的?Sine 1988,the intergeneric cross between common wheat and rye has been studied and satisfactory results acquired,through using the new method of rye-pollen radiation with laser He-Ne in combination with cross. Randomized block design and triplicated plot and single-grain row sowing were applied in the experiment.The following method was empleyed.The pollens of 3 rye cultivars were radiated with laser He-Ne with radiation intensity of 100 seconds.200 seconds and 300 seconds,respectively,and then used in pollinatating common wheat.The wheat-rye cross combinations that were made up added up to a total of 9.The significant difference between CK combination and other ones and that among ones were analyzed in the experimental data by means of analysis of variance and Duncan's test.The results indicated that the seed setting percentage,113.52～341.60%,of seeds produced through laser radiation to the intergeneric cross was exceedingly superior to that of seeds from CK combination.The weight-per-1000 grain and plumpness of the hybrid seeds surpassed those of CK,increased by 84.07～295.43% and 30.30～127.27% over the CK,respectively.Both of the significance levels reached 1%.The rate of establishment of seedling and plant of L 1 Seeds increased by 58.18～83.06% and 41.35～87.78% respectively against the CK,and their differences reached the 1% of significance level The mutagenic effects of laser He-Ne lie not only in promoting the crossability of wheat intergeneric cross,but raising the rate of kernel setting and improving plumpness and increasing the thousand-kernel-weight of hybrid seeds as well,and thus facilitating the percentage of establishment of seedling and plant.Moreover,some wheat-rye amphidiploid seeds were obtained from L 1 plants through natural doubling of chromosomes.By now a number of progeny materials and stable lines of wheat-rye have been acquired fron L 1～L 8 generations.From the experiment it is evident that mutation breeding with laser opens up new opportunities for wheat intergeneric cr

关 键 词：小麦 黑麦 激光育种 属间杂交 HE-NE激光 

分 类 号：S512.035.1[农业科学—作物学]