贺兰山野化牦牛冬春季食性  

Winter and spring diet composition of feral yak in Helan Mountains,China

作　　者：姚志诚[1] 刘振生[1] 王兆锭 胡天华 李志刚 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局,巴彦浩特750300 [3]宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局,银川750021

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第3期673-679,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-08-0753);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30970371);"十一五"科技支撑资助项目(2008BADB0B04);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(DL09CA03)

摘　　要：2008年11-12月和2009年4-5月对贺兰山野化牦牛的冬季和春季食性进行了分析,在其分布的哈拉乌沟收集冬季粪样500 g,春季粪样498 g,利用粪便显微分析法分析贺兰山牦牛取食植物的种类组成和比例,结果表明,冬季牦牛取食11科20种(属)植物,主要取食禾本科(59.10%)和菊科(26.05%)植物,其中针茅(35.86%)、冷蒿(23.96%)、冰草(8.28%)、莎草(7.60%)、虎尾草(6.81%)、芦苇(6.58%)构成了冬季食物总量的89.09%,为冬季主要食物。春季取食植物11科21种(属)植物,主要取食禾本科(52.76%)和莎草科(18.80%)植物,其中针茅(22.72%)、莎草(18.80%)、冰草(13.23%)、狗尾草(9.93%)、唐松草(6.46%)、冷蒿(6.31%)占春季食物总量的77.45%,为春季主要食物。此外,冬春季均取食一定量的毛茛科和豆科植物。冬春季针茅都是贺兰山野化牦牛的大宗食物。冬季食物生态位宽度低于春季,而Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数均高于春季。Feral yak were introduced into the Helan Mountains on the border between Ningxia Hui and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions,China,by the Buddhist monks of Tibet about two hundred years ago.The feral yak population was estimated to be around 200 individuals at present.The plant species composition of the diet of feral yak was studied in order to better understand seasonal variation from November to December 2008 and from April to May 2009.We collected 5-10 g fecal pellets of feral yak from each dung piles in Halawu drainages,and then mixed them to form a single,species-specific composite sample.Using this method,we obtained 500 g dung in winter and 498 g in spring during the whole study area.The composition in the diet was determined by fecal microhistological analyses.The results showed that feral yak consumed 20 plant species（genera） belonging to 11 families in winter.The main families in the winter diet were Graminea（59.10%） and Compositae（26.05%）.The major plant species of winter diet included Stipa spp.（35.86%）,Artemisia frigida（23.96%）,Agropyron cristatum（8.28%）,Cyperus fuscus（7.60%）,Chloris virgata（6.81%） and Phragmites australis（6.58%）,accounting for 89.09% of the whole diet.The graminoid category accounted for a large proportion of the feral yak′s diet in winter.Shrubs made up the second largest proportion.In spring,the main families in the diet were Graminea（52.76%） and Cyperaceae（18.80%）,among which 21 plant species（genera） belong to 11 families.Stipa spp.（22.72%）,Cyperus fuscus（18.80%）,Agropyron cristatum（13.23%）,Setaria viridis（9.93%） and Thalictrum aquilegifolium（6.46%）,Artemisia frigida（6.31%） were main components in spring diet,contributing 77.45% of the whole diet.The graminoid category predominated in the diet during spring,accounting for 52.76% of the total diet.Forbs made up 36.98% of the diet.Haplophyllum tragacanthoides and Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus primarily occurred in feces sampled in winter,while Artemisia sac

关 键 词：牦牛 食性 粪便分析 贺兰山 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]