硝基苯对3种中国土著水生生物的毒性  

Toxicity of Nitrobenzene to Three Native Species of Aquatic Organisms

作　　者：赵志刚[1] 张志生[1] 高士祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室/南京大学环境学院,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2011年第1期54-59,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX08526-003);国家高技术研究发展计划(2007AA06A405)

摘　　要：以中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)蝌蚪、中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina cahayensis)和日本沼虾(Macrobrachiumnipponense)3种我国代表性土著生物为对象,通过半静态试验研究了硝基苯暴露对这3种生物的急性毒性。采用美国环境保护局(USEPA)的Trimmed Spearman-Karver(TSK)法得到硝基苯的急性毒性ρ(96 h,LC50)分别为:林蛙蝌蚪,117.04 mg.L-1;中华圆田螺,104.23 mg.L-1;日本沼虾,0.033 7 mg.L-1。基于ρ(96 h,LC50)值,取0.01为安全系数,安全浓度ρs分别为:林蛙蝌蚪,1.17 mg.L-1;中华圆田螺,1.04 mg.L-1;日本沼虾,0.34μg.L-1。3种受试生物对硝基苯毒性反应的敏感性大小依次为:日本沼虾中华圆田螺>林蛙蝌蚪。对照鱼类急性毒性实验的毒性分级标准,硝基苯对日本沼虾属于剧毒物质,而对林蛙蝌蚪和中华圆田螺则属于中等毒性物质。Acute toxicity of nitrobenzene exposure to three representative native organisms,i.e.Rana chensinensis tadpoles,Cipangopaludina cahayensis and Macrobrachium nipponense,was studied using the static-renewal method.Based on the USEPA Trimmed Spearman-Karver（TSK） method,ρ（96 h,LC50） of nitrobenzene for Rana chensinensis tadpoles was determined to be 117.04 mg·L^-1;for Cipangopaludina cahayensis,104.23 mg·L^-1 and for Macrobrachium nipponense,0.033 7 mg·L^-1.Based on the ρ（96 h,LC50） values obtained,with the safety factor set as 0.01,the safe concentration（ρs） of nitrobenzene in surface water was 1.17 mg·L^-1 for Rana chensinensis tadpoles;1.04 mg·L^-1 for Cipangopaludina cahayensis,and 0.34 μg·L^-1 for Macrobrachium nipponense.The sensitivity of the 3 subjects to toxicity of nitrobenzene was in the order of Macrobrachium nipponense≥Cipangopaludina cahayensisRana chensinensis tadpoles.According to the criteria of acute toxicity classification for fish acute toxicity tests,nitrobenzene was extremely toxic to Macrobrachium nipponense,and moderately toxic to Cipangopaludina cahayensis and Rana chensinensis tadpoles.This study provides some relevant data for maintaining normal growth and reproduction of aquatic life in China and for setting up benchmark for nitrobenzene in waterbodies for aquatic life.

关 键 词：硝基苯 中国林蛙蝌蚪 中华圆田螺 日本沼虾 急性毒性 

分 类 号：X503.225[环境科学与工程—环境工程]