种子玉米籽粒仿生脱粒机理分析  

Bionic Threshing Process Analysis of Seed Corn Kernel

作　　者：李心平[1] 李玉柱[1] 高吭[1] 邱兆美[1] 马福丽[1] 高连兴[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学车辆与动力工程学院,洛阳471003 [2]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2011年第2期99-103,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(200801570007);河南科技大学自然科学领域科研创新能力培育基金资助项目(2009CZ0004)和河南科技大学博士科研启动基金资助项目(09001235)

摘　　要：在分析玉米种子生物力学特性与鸡喙结构基础上,进行了鸡喙啄取玉米籽粒的单玉米穗试验。为使玉米籽粒低损伤脱粒,首先要在水分适宜时按照一定顺序破坏籽粒与籽粒之间的相互支撑作用。在同一含水率下玉米籽粒三面承载能力不同,腹面承载最大而顶面承载最小。在选择作用部位时,尽可能避开在籽粒顶部施加载荷。鸡喙不仅具有优良的插入籽粒间隙能力,还具有较强的啄取籽粒能力;鸡喙插入玉米穗部位是纵行与纵行之间的间隙,鸡喙插入籽粒过程是一个三角楔插入籽粒间隙作用的过程,鸡喙多次插入同一部位,会使啄取部位的籽粒低损伤脱下或松散。鸡喙啄取松散籽粒时鸡喙对籽粒产生拉力作用,当此拉力大于果柄的连接力时籽粒就被脱下。On the basis of analysis of biomechanics of corn kernel and structure of rooster beak,experiment of rooster beak pecking corn kernel on single corn ear was conducted.The experimental results showed that under suitable moisture content,in order to make kernel low damage thresh,the supportive role between kernels must be broken firstly according to certain law.Under the same moisture content,capacity loaded was different for three surfaces of corn kernel.Force loaded at ventro-surface of corn kernel was the largest.The force at the top surface of corn kernel was the least.While choose position loaded,it＇s better to avoid top surface loaded of kernel.Rooster beak not only had good ability of inserting kernel cleft,but also stronger ability of pecking corn kernel.The partition that rooster beak inserted corn ear was gap between longitudinal lines.The process that rooster beak inserted corn kernel was the functional process that a triangular wedge inserted corn kernel cleft,that rooster beak inserted same partition could make kernel low damage thresh or loose.When rooster beak pecks lax kernel,it could produce the pull,and corn kernel could thresh,as the pull was bigger than the connection force of fruit handle of corn kernel.This research could provide a bionics basis on improving the geometrical shape of threshing parts and designing low damage seed corn thresher.

关 键 词：玉米种子 脱粒 仿生 机理 

分 类 号：S220.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]