低化肥投入下作物高产和养分高效的可行性分析  

Analysis for the feasibility of achieving high yield and nutrient efficiency at low fertilizer input

作　　者：周玲[1] 王朝辉[1] 薛澄[1] 李生秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第1期133-138,145,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40671107);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118604);农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200803030)资助

摘　　要：对比了不同国家主要粮食作物的化肥用量与产量,分析了西欧国家降低化肥投入并未导致粮食产量大幅下降的实例,得出降低化肥投入实现作物高产和养分高效利用是完全可能的。结合国外成功的经验和我国的生产实际,提出我国应通过协调养分间的平衡,充分发挥化肥以外的其他养分的作用,挖掘作物自身的生物学潜力三个途径实现低化肥投入条件下的作物高产和养分资源高效利用。当前,我国急需开展低化肥投入的基础研究,同时加强养分资源的宏观管理。Overuse of chemical fertilizer has led to both high production costs and serious risk of environmental pollution.Therefore,reduction of fertilizer input while increasing its efficiency will be crucially important for sustainable agriculture.This paper compared chemical fertilizer rates and grain yield of the main crops in different countries,analysed the typical instances that decreased fertilizer use did not lead to obvious reduction of crop yield in western European countries,and found that high grain yield with high nutrient use efficiency could be realized at the same time by rational nutrient management.Based on the successful experience abroad and the agricultural practice in China,we found that balancing nutrient supply,fully use of nutrients other than that from fertilizers and further exploring the biological potential of crops are three important ways for realizing high grain yield with high nutrient use efficiency.Nowadays,basic research is urgently needed for decreasing chemical fertilizer input,and comprehensive management on nutrient resources should be enhanced at the same time.

关 键 词：粮食产量 养分效率 低化肥投入 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]