长江湖北新螺江段长江江豚数量、分布和活动的研究  

POPULATION SIZE,DISTRIBUTION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE IN THE YANGTZE XINLUO BAIJI NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE,HUBEI

作　　者：熊远辉 张新桥[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖北长江新螺段白疑豚国家级自然保护区管理处,湖北洪湖433200 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2011年第2期143-149,共7页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目“重大工程生态环境效应监测与评估”第一课题“三峡工程蓄水运行生态环境影响跟踪评估研究”(KZCX1-YW-08-01);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2005CB121108)

摘　　要：在物种保护实践中,对濒危物种的生态及行为进行监测至关重要。长江新螺段白鱀豚国家级自然保护区是长江江豚仅有的3个国家级原地保护区之一,然而较系统的监测至今还未见报道。2001年7月～2003年6月,采取常年监测与临时重点监测相结合,定点监测与流动监测相结合的方式对该保护区内长江江豚的种群数量、分布、活动规律及栖息地选择等作了研究,并提出了相应的保护建议。结果显示,保护区可能有长江江豚50～64头,多以2～3头为群生活,主要集中在沿岸浅水区;动物集群出现在3～6月,次数和规模远不如20a前;长江江豚的集群和栖息地选择可能与觅食、休息和交配繁殖有关。建议控制过往船只速度,打击非法渔业,对近岸区要加强监测力度,尤其是在交配繁殖季节,对江豚活动频繁的团洲站、土地洲站、龙口站和腰口站要重点监测保护。It is of great significance to monitor the ecology and behavior of endangered species for biological conservation.However,systematic work has not been conducted on the population size,distribution and activities of the Yangtze finless porpoise（Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis）in Xin-Luo Baiji National Nature Reserve,which is one of the three national in situ reserves for this subspecies.From July 2001 to June 2003,the population size,distribution,habitat selection,activity etc.of this animal were monitored by boat-and bank-based observations in this reserve.Based on the results,several conservational suggestions were presented.The results indicated that in the reserve,population size of the Yangtze finless porpoise was estimated to be 50 to 64.They mainly lived in groups consisting of 2 or 3 individuals and frequently occurred in near-bank waters.Grouping activities were observed to occur from March to June,and both the occurring frequency and group size were much less than those of twenty years ago.It＇s possible that these activities were related to foraging,resting and breeding.We suggest that limiting the speed of passing vessels,prohibiting the illegal fishing,and enhancing the monitoring of the near-bank waters should be conducted in the reserve,especially in the hot spots（Tuanzhou,Tudizhou,Longkou and Yaokou） and during the breeding seasons of the animals.

关 键 词：长江江豚 自然保护区 监测 保护 

分 类 号：Q959.841[生物学—动物学]