中国海陆过渡带——海岸海洋环境特征与变化研究  

Environmental Characteristics and Changes of Coastal Ocean as Land-ocean Transitional Zone of China

作　　者：王颖[1] 季小梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学海岸海岛开发教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210093 [2]河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《地理科学》2011年第2期129-135,共7页Scientia Geographica Sinica

摘　　要：海岸海洋是陆地与海洋过渡的地带,位居亚洲与太平洋之交的中国海岸类型丰富,河海交互作用与人类活动影响使海岸海洋环境与作用过程独具特色。河流的贯通作用,使得全球变化与人类活动对河流流域的作用,亦在海岸海洋地区表现出来,并对海洋环境形成显著的影响。历史与现实实例表明,在海岸海洋的开发利用中需重视研究海陆交互过渡带环境特征,尽可能减小人类活动对海岸海洋环境的负面效应。人们应调查研究区域海岸环境特点,探索其动力过程机制,阐明其发展变化趋势,依据自然规律,在阀值极限的范围内规划设计工程与开发利用,才可达到事半功倍与避免灾害的效果,确保海岸海洋的可持续性开发利用。Coastal ocean is the transitional zone between the land and the ocean.It extends from coastal Zone to the outer edge of the continental shelves,then continues to continental slopes and continental rises.Approximately matching the region that has been alternately flooded and exposed during the sea level fluctuations of the late Quaternary period,and has covered relatively complete zones with land and ocean interactions.It is an independent environment system which is different from the land and the deep ocean,and is closely related to human living activities.Since ′The United Nations Law of Sea Convention′ took effect in 1994,coastal ocean has become a hotspot of the earth sciences domain because of the requirement of maritime sovereignty and resources development.Located on the interaction zone of Asia and the Pacific Ocean,Chinese coast is of various types.The coastal ocean environment and processes are unique due to the river-sea interaction and the influence of human activities.Evolution of China coast reflects the influence of geology,rivers,climate,typhoons,waves,tides,shelf currents,and sea level changes.While tectonics control the broad scale appearance of the coast（either embayed bedrock in emergent regions or plain coast in subsiding regions）,rivers dominate the supply of sediment to the sea and help control erosional/accretionary trends.The influence of global change and human activities on river drainage areas also appears in coastal ocean area and affects marine environment remarkably due to the transfixion action of the rivers.The coastal classification was applied to dividing the coast of China into four major sectors.The impact of rivers,waves and tides on coastal processes in each of these sectors varies widely,ranging from river-dominated in the Bohai Sea sector,to wave-dominated in the southern Guangdong/Guangxi sector.The characteristics and problems in the coastal development are analyzed taking the plain coast as an example.The eastern coast has been a living and multiplying place of

关 键 词：海岸海洋 海陆过渡带 滩涂围垦 风暴潮 潮流通道 

分 类 号：P731.2[天文地球—海洋科学]