矿山开采对生态环境的影响评价  

Evaluation of the mining effects on ecological environment

作　　者：程方平[1,2] 陈坤[1,2] 张祥春[1,2] 伍溢春[1,2] 朱先亮[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆地质矿产研究院,重庆400042 [2]重庆市国土资源和房屋管理局矿产地质与环境地质重点实验室,重庆400042

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2011年第1期113-117,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：根据邵新煤矿的地质采矿条件,按照概率积分法和《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》预测矿山开采造成的地表移动变形和导水裂隙带高度。预测结果表明,邵新煤矿西北区多煤层重复开采后斜率i=1.273～26.498 mm/m,曲率k=0.006×10^(-3)～1.081×10~^(-3)m^(-1),水平变形ε=0.729～15.183mm/m;东南区多煤层重复开采后斜率i=1.273～22.473 mm/m,曲率k=0.006×10^(-3)～1,011×10^(-3)m^(-1),水平变形ε=0.729～12.878 mm/m;冒落带高度为3.118～3 274 m,导水裂隙带高度为18.76～20.91 m。受深部煤层采动的影响,矿山开采后地面建筑物破坏等级为Ⅰ～Ⅳ级,结构处理为简单维修～大修;受近距离煤层采动的影响,K_(21)煤层露头线2侧附近居民建筑破坏等级可能达到Ⅳ级,结构处理为大修。导水裂隙带最高达到K_(21)煤层以上19.27 m,花石水库出露地层为侏罗系中统下沙溪庙组(J_2x),矿井开采不会导致水库漏失,但会对须家河组第2段T-3xj^2、第4段T_3xj^4裂隙含水层地下水产生疏降作用。煤矿开采会导致邵新煤矿采空区内煤层浅部坡耕地出现细小地裂缝,但不会改变农业生产的基本格局。The present paper is aimed at introducing our study results of the geological mining environment on the mining activities by taking Shaoxin coalmine as a case study. To be exact, our study has been done by using the method of probability integral and Regulations of buildings, water, railway and main well lane leafing coal pillar and press coal mining, and the movement and deformation of the ground surface and height of water flowing fractured zone are predicted. The forecast results show that （1）In muhi-coal seams repeatedly mining, the gradient, curvature, horizontal deformation were supposed to range in 1.273 -26.498 mm/m, 0.006 × 10^-3- 1.081 × 10^-3m^-1, 0.729- 15.183 mm/m in its northwest area; 1.273- 22.473 mm/m, 0.006 × 10^-3^- 1.011 × 10^-3 m^- 1, 0.729 - 12.878 mm/m in the southeast area respectively, and the height of caving belt and water flowing fractured zones ranged in 3. 118 - 3.274 m and 18.76-20.91 m. （2） The damage grade of the buildings on the ground surface turned to be classified from grade I to grade IV judged by the impact of coal seams deep mining. The corresponding stnlcture treatments were able to be listed from simplistic maintcnance to medlevel maintenance.The damage level of the residential buildings to the near K21 coal seam cropline is grade IV in the nearby mining activities In addition the corresponding structure treatment proves overhaul（3）The height of water flowing fractured zone was cstimated up to 19.27 m above K21 coal seam.The exposure strata of the Huashi reservoir is in the mid-Jurassic lower shaximiao formation （J2x）It is also proved that ,though the mining activities are not likely to cause leakage of reservoir.yet the groudwater dewatering hazards in the fractured aquifers of number 2 and 4（T3xj^2 and T3xj^4）Xujiahe formation（4）Enaddition,the coal mining is liable to cause local micro-cacks in the slop-arable land located in the mined-out regions of Shaoxin mine,but it may not change the basie pattern of agricultural production.

关 键 词：环境工程学 矿山开采 地表沉陷 生态环境 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]