不同灌期对农田氮素迁移及面源污染产生的影响  

Effect of different irrigation seasons on the transport of N in different types farmlands and the agricultural no-point pollution production

作　　者：杜军[1,2] 杨培岭[1] 李云开[1] 任树梅[1] 王永忠 李仙岳[1] 苏艳平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100081 [2]宁夏农垦事业管理局,银川750001

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2011年第1期66-74,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：水利部公益性行业专项经费项目(200701025);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT0657);中国农业大学与内蒙古农业大学科研合作基金;中国农业大学研究生科研创新专项(kycx09113)

摘　　要：通过分析从秋灌到秋浇后河套灌区乌拉特灌域典型区不同类型土壤剖面(0～160cm)、浅层地下水中和沟道中氮素质量分数的变化过程,以便为灌区氮素污染控制提供相应的理论指导。研究结果表明:秋灌期深层土壤剖面(120～160cm)中NO-3-N累积不明显,秋浇后3种类型土壤剖面(80～160cm)中NO-3-N平均质量分数分别增加了1.25、2.72和2.89mg/kg。土壤剖面中的NH+4-N质量分数分布相对较均匀。3种耕地土壤剖面中NO-3-N和NH+4-N质量分数的变化具有季节性的增高或降低。盐荒地土壤剖面中NO-3-N和NH+4-N都处于积累状态,对整个灌区农业面源污染物的排泄有减缓作用。浅层地下水中NO-3-N和NH+4-N质量分数在秋浇期的增幅大于秋灌期。农田土壤、浅层地下水和沟道中的氮素质量分数有着较好的时间相关性,秋浇期河套灌区土壤中NO-3-N最易发生淋洗,且是灌区产生农业面源污染最严重的时期。Through the analysis of thet transport of N in the groundwater,ditch and soil profile during the period from the first-autumn irrigation to the second-autumn irrigation in Wulate irrigation region in Hetao Irrigation District Inner Mongolia,and the law of the agricultural non-point pollution production was analyzed so as to provide the corresponding theoretical guidance of the control of nitrogen pollution in Hetao Irrigation District. The study results shows that the accumulation of NO-3-N in the deeper soil profile （120-160 cm） was not significantly during the first-autumn irrigation period. The NO-3-N content were increased by 1.25、2.72 and 2.89 mg/kg in the three farmland soil profiles （80～160 cm） respectively after the second-autumn irrigation period. The NH＋4-N distributions were relatively homogeneous from surface to deep of soil profile. The change law of the NO-3-N and NH＋4-N content in the three type soil profiles were increased or reduced seasonally. The content of NO-3-N and NH＋4-N in the groundwater in the second-autumn irrigation period were higher than that of the first-autumn irrigation period. The second-autumn irrigation period was the key stages which producted the agricultural non-point pollution in Hetao Irrigation District. The NO-3-N and NH＋4-N were accumulated in the soil profile of salt wasteland,which was helpful to reduced the amount of the agricultural non-point pollutant discharge.

关 键 词：灌溉 氮素 水污染 河套灌区 农田类型 面源污染 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]