基于SWAT模型的房山区不同情景方案下的蒸腾蒸发模拟  

Evapotranspiration simulation with different scenarios analysises of Fangshan District by SWAT model

作　　者：钱坤[1] 叶水根[1] 朱琴 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]浙江省水利水电勘测设计院,杭州310002

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2011年第1期99-105,F0002,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：全球环境基金(GEF)海河流域水资源与水环境综合管理项目(bj3-5)

摘　　要：根据房山区的基础数据,结合SWAT模型自带的数据库,建立研究区的属性数据库,构建房山区SWAT模型。运用SWAT模型对2020年及2030年在不同管理措施下的情景方案进行模拟,结果显示:在设定的8种情景方案中,考虑节水灌溉措施下的农业灌溉定额管理,采用现状灌溉定额;调整农业种植结构适当减少耗水量比较大的旱作粮食、露天菜田,增加耗水量比较小的林地、设施农业、干鲜果等使种植结构优化;逐步减少地下水超采这3种因素下模拟的蒸腾蒸发值(ET)与目标ET值最接近。即在此方案设定的水资源规划管理模式下,可遏制房山区水资源的过量损耗,终止地下水的过度开采,最终实现流域的可持续发展。该研究可为房山区水资源管理提供重要的依据。Fangshan district of Beijing belongs to Haihe river basin where the water resource is shortage and the regional underground water is over-extracted. On the basis of the information of the district and joining the SWAT model database,the relative attribute database for the district was made up and the SWAT model was constructed eventually. The SWAT model was applied to simulate evapotranspiration（ET） and water environment of the study area under different controls in the year 2020 and 2030,and the results showed that among the eight scenarios,simulation ET under consideration of the three factors was close to the target ET well. The first considering factor was the agriculture irrigating management with moderate water saving practice,the second was the optimization of plant structure including the decrease of high water consumption crops and vegetable field,increase of forest land,installment agriculture and fruits cultivation,and the third one was the control of the overexploitation of groundwater. Under the water resources planning management program in the scenario,the excessive water exploitation in Fangshan district will be constrained,the over-exploitation of groundwater will be terminated,and the goal of sustainable development of river basin will be achieve ultimately. The analysis report will provide an important basis for integrated management in the study area.

关 键 词：蒸散发 种植管理 土地利用 SWAT模型 情景方案分析 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]