医用聚氨酯材料研究新进展  

New Development of Polyurethanes in Medical Applications

作　　者：李文波[1,2] 周晨[3] 曹成波[1,3,4] 李木森[4] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学控制科学与工程学院生物医学工程研究所,济南250061 [2]青岛大学化学化工与环境学院,青岛266071 [3]山东大学化学与化工学院,济南250061 [4]山东大学材料科学与工程学院,济南250061

出　　处：《中国生物医学工程学报》2011年第1期130-134,共5页Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering

基　　金：中国博士后基金特别资助项目(200801401);国家留学基金(2005837095)

摘　　要：聚氨酯具有良好的生物相容性和机械强度并且易于加工成型,是最具价值的生物医学合成材料之一,可分为惰性聚氨酯和降解性聚氨酯两类。医用惰性聚氨酯材料稳定、耐磨、力学性能好,广泛用于医用装置及人工器官。文中从采用新型抗氧剂,减少醚键,与硅烷嵌段共聚改性以提高其生物稳定性、生物相容性及抗菌性等三个方面,综述了惰性聚氨酯材料的研究重点;医用降解性聚氨酯材料有利于人体健康和环保、安全、便捷,可作为人体修复材料和智能药物缓释材料,文中从提高降解性及力学性能两个方面,讨论了降解性聚氨酯材料的研究热点。解决医用惰性聚氨酯材料环境污染问题,降低医用降解性聚氨酯材料降解产物毒性,研发聚氨酯复合材料,加强临床试验将成为新的课题。Polyurethane is one of the most valuable biomedical materials.It has excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties and can be easily prepared in various shapes.Polyurethane can be divided into two classes： bio-inert polyurethanes and biodegradable polyurethanes.Bio-inert medical polyurethanes offer advantages in the design of medical devices and artificial organs owing to stability,abrasion resistance and good mechanical property.Research mainly emphasizes how to improve their biological stability,biocompatibility,and antibacterial activity by using a new antioxidant,modifying via block copolymer with silane and reducing the number of ether linkage in the polymer.Biodegradable medical polyurethanes are used as body repair parts and smart drug delivery materials and are considered to be environmental friendly,safe and simple to use.Review also focuses on increasing their degradation and mechanical properties.The new study on medical polyurethanes aims at solving environmental problems for bio-inert medical polyurethanes,decreasing toxic of degradation for biodegradable medical polyurethanes,studying polyurethane composites,and conducting comprehensive clinical experiments.

关 键 词：生物惰性 生物降解 聚氨酯 生物医用材料 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]