英国养老金私有化改革的历程与评价  

The evaluation of the privatization reform of the UK pension system

作　　者：李珍[1] 王海东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《保险研究》2011年第2期121-127,共7页Insurance Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(08BJY158);2010年度中国人民大学研究生科学研究基金(22396043)的资助

摘　　要：英国是较早进行养老金私有化改革的国家之一,开始于20世纪70年代末的"协议退出",导致保障水平下降、养老金收入差距拉大、基金管理费用高等问题日益显现,退出比例本身也呈下降趋势,人们越来越倾向于回到依靠国家养老金的老路上来。政府在新的改革中再次推行均等化,提高制度的再分配性。这一改革历程凸显反复、频繁、复杂,一方面给个人带来了风险,造成了损失,徒增改革成本;另一方面,人们无法预知未来的养老金水平,不利于做出合理的终身储蓄安排。总之,应对人口老龄化的根本举措还在于提高生产率和退休年龄等。The UK is one of the countries that have privatized its pension system earlier than many other countries. The reform of ＂contract out＂ was commenced at the end of the 1970s, and that has reduced the pension level, enlarged the pension gap among different groups, and increased the management fee of the pension funds, etc. As a result, the proportion of the ＂contract out＂ has fallen down, and more and more people went back to the legacy model of counting on the state pension only. In the new round of reform, the UK government further equalized the pension program and heightened the redistribution function of the system. The reform is marked by its frequent changes and complexity. It, on one hand, has led to higher risks and more losses to individuals and increased the cost of reform, on the other hand, without a reasonable expectation of their future pension levels, people feel difficult to plan their whole-life savings with confidence. The effective measure to deal with the aging population is advancing the productivity and increasing the retiring age.

关 键 词：养老金 私有化 英国 

分 类 号：F840.67[经济管理—保险]