黄土高原苹果园植物多样性及其对昆虫群落的影响  

Diversity of Plants and Its Effect on Insect Communities in Apple Orchards in Loess Plateau

作　　者：魏永平[1] 张雅林[1] 汪晓光[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2010年第12期2517-2523,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(2002-08-03A);陕西省重点攻关项目(2007K01-08)

摘　　要：对陕西黄土高原洛川县和黄陵县优质苹果产区不同类型的苹果园植物多样性及其昆虫群落多样性进行调查,确定不同苹果园内果树林下的植物优势种,并利用昆虫多样性指数和均匀度指数分析不同植物优势种群对果园昆虫多样性的影响,以探讨植物群落多样性与其昆虫群落的关系。结果显示:(1)果园野生植物种类丰富,共有24科53属62种,其中17科41属51种存在于果园树下,11种存在于果园内的生境岛屿,且菊科植物种类最多,达14种;(2)抱茎苦荬菜、狗尾草、丝毛飞廉、灰绿藜、刺儿菜、田旋花为该地区果园植物优势种,其重要值依次为0.36、0.22、0.22、0.18、0.17、0.14;(3)反枝苋为优势种的果园昆虫种类、数量最多;(4)刺儿菜和田旋花为优势种的果园益虫和害虫的多样性指数分别为1.0735、0.7550和0.8799、0.3602。研究表明,在果园保留刺儿菜和田旋花有助于提高果园天敌昆虫群落的多样性,有益于果园害虫的生态控制。This paper deals with the plants and insects diversity in apple orchards with different plant communities in Luochuan County and Huangling County in Loess Plateau,the well-known high quality apple-growing region in Shaanxi Province,with the view to determining the dominant plant species and the relationship between the plants community and the insects diversity by using species importance values（IV）,the diversity index（Shannon-Wiener index） and evenness index.The results of the investigation show that：（1）The wild plant diversity is rich in these orchards,including 62 species belonging to 53 genera of 24 families,among which 51 species belonging to 41 genera of 17 families occur under apple trees and 11 species occur in island habitats of orchards;The diversity of Asteraceae is the highest,amounting to 14 species;（2）Ixeris sonchifolia,Setaria viridis L.,Carduus crispus L.Chenopodium glaucum,Cirsium segetum and Convolvulus arvensis L.are the dominant species in the orchards,and their importance values（IV） are 0.36,0.22,0.22,0.18,0.17 and 0.14,respectively;（3）Orchards with Amaranthus retroflexus host more insect species,and their populations are also higher than those of other orchards;（4）Within orchards dominated with Cirsium segetum the diversity indices of beneficial insects and pests are 1.073 5 and 0.755 0,respectively,and within orchards dominated with Convolvulus arvensis L.the diversity indices of beneficial insects and pests are 0.879 9 and 0.360 2,respectively.It is concluded that keeping Cirsium segetum and Convolvulus arvensis L.are beneficial to protect the diversity of natural insect enemies and to control the pests in apple orchards.

关 键 词：苹果园 植物多样性 昆虫群落 

分 类 号：Q948.12[生物学—植物学]