中亚五国跨界水资源开发利用与合作及其问题分析  

An Analysis of the Exploitation,Cooperation and Problems of Trans-boundary Water Resources in the Five Central Asian Countries

作　　者：邓铭江 龙爱华[1,2] 李湘权 章毅 雷雨 

机构地区：[1]新疆水利厅,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2010年第12期1337-1346,共10页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"河流水资源开发与安全保障关键技术研究"(编号:2008BAB42B09;2008BAB42B03);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目"流域水循环模拟与调控"(编号:50721006)资助

摘　　要：中亚五国跨界河流众多,水资源开发利用问题十分复杂,大规模无序的水土资源开发利用引发的生态问题相当突出,回顾其开发利用中的冲突与合作,对找寻中亚水资源问题的解决之道具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。简要介绍了中亚五国之间主要跨界河流流域河流水系、径流量,阐述主要跨界河流域水资源开发利用,重点分析了各跨界河流取用水量与农业灌溉的演变关系以及中亚五国跨界河流开发利用的水资源危机与生态危机、冲突与合作。在深入揭示中亚五国跨界河流危机主要原因的基础上,对中亚五国跨界河流水资源纠纷和生态危机未来发展趋势进行了分析,探析了中亚五国跨界河流开发利用主要对策。The five central Asian countries own many trans-boundary rivers,which make the water resources development and utilization become very complicated,and which bring about serious ecological problems caused by large scale disordered exploitation of water-soil resources.Therefore,by reviewing the corporation and conflict during the process of development and utilization,it has significant theory and practical value to seek the method to solve the water resources problems in five central Asian countries.The paper introduces the river system and run-off amount of trans-boundary rivers in five central Asian countries in brief,elaborates the state quo of water resources development and utilization in main trans-boundary river basin,and analyzes the water intake amount from trans-boundary river and irrigation water capacity development relationship,the water resources crisis and ecological crisis,conflict and corporation of trans-boundary river in detail.On the basis of revealing the cause of crisis of the rivers of five central Asian countries,it gives an analysis of water resources conflicts and the ecological crisis development tendency of trans-boundary river,and discusses the main measures for the development and utilization of water resources in five central Asian countries.

关 键 词：中亚五国 跨界河流 水资源危机 生态危机 合作对策 

分 类 号：P343.1[天文地球—水文科学] TV213.4[天文地球—地球物理学]