日语拟声拟态词后续省略研究——以用于句尾的「ABAB」型为例  

On the Omission of the Parts Following the Onomatopoeic and Mimetic Words in Japanese

作　　者：曹金波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]大连外国语学院日语学院 [2]日本城西国际大学

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2011年第1期70-74,共5页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：辽宁省经济社会发展项目“日语拟声拟态词后续部分省略研究”(项目编号:2010lslktwx-13)阶段性成果

摘　　要：日语拟声拟态词既能修饰谓语又能充当谓语。修饰谓语时不见谓语,充当谓语时缺少词尾,这种现象被称为＂省略＂。省略了决定句子意思和性质的谓语给非日语母语者在理解和应用上设置了很多障碍。本文通过语料库文本分析与问卷调查相结合的方式,探讨了「ABAB」型（如「きらきら」「むにゃむにゃ」等）拟声拟态词后续省略的认知机制。定量分析显示,拟声拟态词充当动词、形容动词、样态副词和结果副词时后续部分能＂省略＂,省略句式细分为词尾「だ」「する」的省略、搭配动词的省略和非搭配动词的省略。定性分析显示,＂省略＂并非只受限于拟声拟态词与后续要素构成的限定关系,在其前项有固定搭配动词或上下文存在最佳关联的非限定关系时也会出现后续省略。The onomatopoeic and mimetic words in Japanese can either modify the predicate of a sentence or serve as a predicate.When they modify the predicate,the predicate is missing.When they are used as predicates,there is no proper ending.This phenomenon is called Omission,which causes many obstacles for non-Japanese speakers in understanding and application since predicates decide the meaning and nature of the sentence.This paper explores the cognitive mechanism of the omission of the type of onomatopoeic and mimetic words,such as 「きらきら」「むにゃむにゃ」etc.The quantitative analysis shows that when onomatopoeic and mimetic words serve as verbs,stative verbs,adverbs indicating appearance and results,the sentence ending can be abbreviated with the following detailed patterns：omission of 「だ」「する」,collocative verbs and non-collocative verbs.The qualitative analysis shows that omission happens not only when there is restriction between the onomatopoeic and mimetic words and ending elements,but also when there are idiomatic collocative verbs before them or when the context shows the best connection with non-restriction.

关 键 词：「ABAB」型拟声拟态词 后续要素 省略 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]