春玉米穗位叶叶绿体超微结构对农田管理措施的响应  

Response of Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Ear Leaves of Spring Maize to Field Managements

作　　者：汪仁[1] 孙文涛[1] 邢月华[1] 安景文[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院环境资源与农村能源研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2011年第3期793-797,共5页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：科技部支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A12);农业公益性行业科研专项项目(201003046-7);国家科技支撑项目(2008BADA4B06)资助

摘　　要：以春玉米为研究对象,利用透射电镜(TEM)对灌水、有机培肥和氮肥施用作用下的穗位叶叶绿体超微结构进行了表征。结果显示,随着灌水量、有机培肥量及施氮量增加,叶绿体的超微结构逐渐完整,被膜逐渐清晰,基质片层增加且排列规则,基粒垛叠变丰富,且片层清晰,淀粉粒数量增加,嗜锇颗粒减少。与其他处理相比,灌水量每盆每天1 200mL、有机培肥量每亩4 000kg和施氮量每亩23kgN处理的叶绿体超微结构显示出较大的优势。与一次追肥相比,二次追肥和控释一次深施的施氮方法更能使叶绿体呈现一个完整的膜系统结构。分析结果表明,叶绿体超微结构的正常与否可以作为判断植株细胞活性的一个重要指标;合理的农田管理措施能够使春玉米叶片叶绿体的超微结构更加稳定,有利于春玉米的高效生产。Spring maize was selected as research object,and the characteristics of chloroplast ultrastructure of ear leaves were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy（SEM） as affected by irrigation,organic manure fertilization and nitrogen application.The results showed that with increasing irrigation amount,organic manure fertilization amount and nitrogen application amount,the chloroplast ultrastructure gradually became integrated,the membrane envelope of chloroplast became clear,the stroma lamellae increased and arranged regularly,the grana were clear and stacked increasingly,the starch particles increased and the osmiophilic grains decreased.Compared with other treatments,irrigation,organic manure fertilization and nitrogen application at a rate of 1 200 milliliter per pot and per day,4 000 kilogram per mu and 23 kilogram N per mu could make the chloroplast ultrastructure show greater predominance.Compared with one topdressing,two topdressing and one deep application with control fertilizer made chloroplast become a more integrated membrane system.It was indicated that whether the chloroplast ultrastructure was normal was considered as an important index judging activities of plant cells,and reasonable field managements could make chloroplast ultrastructure of spring maize more stable,which was advantaged for highefficiency production of spring maize.

关 键 词：春玉米 叶绿体 超微结构 管理措施 

分 类 号：S513.05[农业科学—作物学]