高容量储氢材料的研究进展  

Progress in High-Capacity Hydrogen Storage Materials

作　　者：刘永锋[1] 李超[1] 高明霞[1] 潘洪革[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学硅材料国家重点实验室和材料系

出　　处：《自然杂志》2011年第1期19-26,共8页Chinese Journal of Nature

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2009AA05Z106);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB631304)

摘　　要：安全、高效、经济的氢储存技术是氢能大规模应用的关键。相对于高压气态储氢和低温液化储氢,通过氢与材料间的相互作用形成固溶体或氢化物的固态氢储存由于其好的安全性和高的能量密度,被认为是最有发展前景的一种氢储存技术。为了满足车载氢源系统重量储氢密度大于5%的要求,目前发展中的高容量储氢材料主要包括金属铝氢化物、硼氢化物、氮氢化物和氨基硼烷化合物。作者简要综述了最近几年这些高容量储氢材料的研究进展,重点关注材料的储氢容量、吸放氢反应热力学、吸放氢反应动力学和吸放氢机理以及成分调变、催化改性和尺寸效应对材料储氢性能的影响。Safe, efficient and economical hydrogen storage is the key technique for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. With respect to high-pressure and liquefaction hydrogen storage, solid-state hydrogen storage, which can store hydrogen in materials by forming solid solution and/or hydrides, is regarded as the most promising technique because of its good safety and high energy den- sity. To achieve the hydrogen storage capacity of above 5.0 wt% for on-board applications, the high-capacity hydrogen storage ma- terials including metal aluminum hydrides, borohydrides, metal-N- H systems and amidoboranes were studied and developed. This brief review deals with the recent developments of high-capacity hydrogen storage materials. The emphases are focused on the hy- drogen storage capacity, thermodynamics, kinetics, mechanisms and the effects of composition modification, catalyst doping and particle size on the hydrogen storage properties.

关 键 词：储氢材料 储氢标准 储氢机理 轻金属氢化物 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]