湖南省油菜施钾效应及土壤速效钾临界值研究  

Study on Effect of K Application on Rapeseed and Critical Level of Soil Available K in Hunan Province

作　　者：鲁艳红[1,2,3] 廖育林[1,3] 罗尊长[1] 黄铁平[4] 鲁剑巍[5] 聂军[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学资源与环境学院,长沙410128 [3]农业部望城水稻土生态环境重点野外观测实验站,湖南长沙410125 [4]湖南省土壤肥料工作站,长沙410005 [5]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物研究》2011年第1期26-29,共4页Crop Research

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA4B08);湖南省农业科学院科技创新项目(2010hnnkycx56)

摘　　要：2005-2008年在湖南省油菜主产区布置67个田间试验,研究施钾对油菜籽产量的影响及土壤速效钾含量对施钾效应的影响,并对土壤速效钾临界值进行初步判定。结果表明,油菜施钾具有明显的增产和增收效果,平均增产率19.1%,增产范围为33-1 587 kg/hm2,平均增产332 kg/hm2,每千克K2O平均增加2.5 kg油菜籽,其中51个试验施钾增产效果在10%以上;施钾平均产投比为1.4,产投比大于1.5的试验占35.8%。土壤速效钾含量对施钾产量效应及经济效应均有明显影响,土壤速效钾与施钾增产量及产投比分别呈极显著和显著负相关。以不施钾处理占施钾处理产量的90%为标准,初步估计土壤速效钾临界值为106 m g/kg;以施钾产投比2.0和1.5为标准,估计其临界值分别为70 m g/kg和100 m g/kg。67 field trails of potassium fertilizer（K） application on rapeseed were carried out in main rapeseed production regions of Hunan province during 2005 to 2008 to investigate the effect of K on rapeseed yield and preliminarily determine the critical level of soil available K.The results showed that K fertilizer application could significantly increase yield and profit of rapeseed,and the increasing rate of rapeseed yield among 51 trails was over 10%,and the average increasing rate of all trails was 19.1%.The range of yield increment was from 33 kg/hm2 to 1587 kg/hm2,and the average value was 332 kg/hm2.Rapeseed yield was increased by 2.5 kg per 1 kg K2O application.The average ratio of output to input（ROI） was 1.4,and the ROI of 35.8% trails were higher than 1.5.There were significantly negative correlation between the yield increment, ROI and soil available K respectively.Based on the relative yield of CK/＋K at 90% level,the critical level of soil available K was 106 mg/kg,and based on ROI at 2.0 and 1.5,the critical level of soil available K were 70 mg/kg and 100mg/kg,respectively.

关 键 词：油菜 施肥 钾肥效应 速效钾临界值 湖南 

分 类 号：S565.406.2[农业科学—作物学]