新疆与国内冬小麦主栽品种(系)产量的比较研究  

Comparison of the Leading Cultivars of Xinjiang Winter Wheat and the Cultivars Introduced from Main Wheat Regions in China

作　　者：聂迎彬[1] 穆培源[1] 桑伟[1] 徐红军[1] 庄丽[2] 邹波[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院作物研究所。新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子大学生命科学院,新疆石河子832002

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2011年第1期6-10,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团农业科技攻关计划(2009GG05);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD01A02-30)

摘　　要：【目的】鉴定引进国内冬小麦主栽品种和新品系的产量潜力与适应性,比较新疆冬小麦主栽品种与引进国内冬小麦主栽品种和新品系的产量和产量构成因素的差异,明确新疆冬小麦品种产量进一步提高的主攻方向。【方法】选用引进国内冬小麦品种33份、新疆冬小麦主栽品种7份,采用间比法试验设计,进行产量和产量构成因素间差异的分析。【结果】(1)参试品种较对照(新冬18号和新冬22号)增产的有35个,其中增产25%以上的引进品种有5个,分别是Y119、邯5316、观35、衡5229和济麦22号;河北品种平均产量最高,产量为528.04 kg/667 m2,穗数为37.50×104穗/667 m2,穗粒数为35.10粒,千粒重为43.90 g;山东品种平均产量居第二,产量为513.11 kg/667 m2,穗数为40.49×104穗/667 m2,穗粒数为33.90粒,千粒重为43.73 g;新疆品种平均产量较低,产量为458.37 kg/667 m2,穗数为40.81×104穗/667 m2,穗粒数为33.20粒,千粒重为42.69 g。(2)引进品种中,穗粒数产生正向影响(0.449 7),而穗数(-0.081 1)和千粒重(-0.214)起负作用;新疆品种中,穗数(0.923 8)对产量直接作用最大,穗粒数(0.903 1)对产量的间接作用最大。【结论】新疆现有主栽品种产量低的主要原因是穗粒数较少,与国内主要麦区冬小麦品种的产量构成因素比较,提高穗粒数育种可能是未来提高新疆小麦产量的有效途径。[Objective]This study is to identify the yield potential and adaptation of cuhivars of winter wheat introduced from main wheat regions in China to comparate Xinjiang winter wheat cultivars with the introduced winter wheat cuhivars for yield potential and yield components and to make clear the direction for improving winter wheat in Xinjiang. [ Method]The differences of the yield potential and yield components from the 33 introduced winter wheat cultivars and 7 Xinjiang winter wheat cultivars were analyzed by use of interval contrast. [ Result ] The results showed： （1） there were 35 winter wheat cuhivars in this trails whose yield was increased compared with CK （Xindong18 and Xindong22）, and the yields of introduced 5 cultivars reached over 25% ,they were Y119, Han 5316,Guan 35,Heng 5229 and Jimai 22. Hebei cultivars obtained the highest yield of 528.04 kg/667 m^2, and number of ear was 375,000, grains per ear was35.10, 1000 - grain weight was 43.90 g; Shandong cuhivars obtained second yield of 513.11 kg/667 m^2, and number of ear was 404 900, grains per ear was 33.90, 1 000- grain weight was 43.73 g; Xinjiang cuhivars obtained lower yield of 458.37 kg/667 m^2, number of ear was 408, 100,grains per ear was 33.20, 1000 - grain weight was 42.69 g. （2） Number of ears （0.449 7）had the positive direct effects, grains per ear （ - 0. 081 1 ） and 1000 - grain weight （ - 0. 214） resulted in the negative direct effects for the introduced cultivars respectively; For the Xinjiang varieties, number of ear had the positive direct effects （0. 923 8）, and grains per ear（0. 903 1） had the negative indirect effects on the yield. [ Conclusion] The main reason why the yield of the winter wheat leading cultivars is low at present is that there are fewer grains per ear, compared with the yield components of introduced winter wheat cultivars, breeding the cultivars with more grains could be the most effective way to promote wheat cultivars yield in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：新疆小麦 国内小麦 主栽品种 产量比较 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]