东北典型黑土耕层颗粒组成与腐殖质层厚度的关系  

Relationship between depth of humus horizon and particle size composition in tillage horizon of the typical black soil in Northeastern China

作　　者：王旭艳[1] 王志强[2] 宋维念[2] 张光辉[2] 张万军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050021 [2]地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,地理学与遥感科学学院,北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2011年第1期39-44,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“东北黑土区土壤侵蚀对土地生产力的影响”(40471082);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)课题“多尺度土壤侵蚀模型”(2007CB407204)

摘　　要：土壤颗粒组成是影响土壤肥力的主要物理性质之一。为了了解东北黑土腐殖质层厚度与土壤颗粒组成的关系,通过在东北典型黑土区选择典型坡面,调查不同地貌部位土壤腐殖质层厚度,测定耕层土壤的颗粒组成,分析腐殖质层厚度和耕层土壤颗粒组成随地貌部位的变化趋势,以及土壤颗粒组成与腐殖质层厚度的关系。结果表明:土壤腐殖质层厚度由上坡至坡脚有显著增加的趋势,沙粒质量分数在坡顶较低,但耕层土壤颗粒组成随地貌部位的变化趋势不明显;土壤腐殖质层厚度和颗粒组成受局部地形变化的影响较大;耕层土壤颗粒组成主要由腐殖质层厚度决定,随着腐殖质层厚度的增加,黏粒和粉粒质量分数呈指数曲线增加,而砂粒质量分数则呈指数曲线递减,当腐殖质层厚度大于60 cm后,耕层土壤颗粒组成随腐殖质层厚度的继续增加变化缓慢。研究结果对于了解东北黑土区土壤侵蚀导致的土壤退化机制有一定的帮助。Soil particle size distribution is one of the key physical factors regulating soil fertility.To quantify the relationship between the depth of humus horizon and particle size composition,this study made a field survey of the depth of humus horizon and measured soil particle size in tillage horizon on a typical slope farmland in the black soil region of Northeastern China.Depth of humus horizon increases from up slope to down slope,but this trend is often interrupted by local topographic changes.There are no consistent trends in particle size composition from upper slope to lower slope,except that the sand content is higher at top slope than in other slope positions.Soil particle size composition of tillage horizon is significantly related to the depth of humus horizon.Both clay and silt contents are exponentially increased with the depth of humus horizon,and the sand content is exponentially decreased with the depth of humus horizon.However,when the depth of humus horizon was thicker than 60 cm,the particle size composition did not change significantly with further increasing depth of humus horizon.

关 键 词：黑土 腐殖质层厚度 颗粒组成 地貌部位 土壤侵蚀 

分 类 号：S153.61[农业科学—土壤学]