亏缺灌溉对大豆根系生长和养分积累及产量的影响  

Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Root Development,Nutrient Accumulation and Yield in Soybean

作　　者：沈融[1] 章建新[1] 古丽娜[1] 苏广禄[1] 邵长贺[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830056

出　　处：《大豆科学》2011年第1期62-66,共5页Soybean Science

基　　金：新疆科技厅攻关项目资助(200631104);国家自然科学基金项目资助(30660081;31060179)

摘　　要：采用盆栽方法以新大豆8号为试验材料,研究了4种土壤水分处理(下限分别为田间持水量的80%、70%、60%、50%)对春大豆根系生长、根系活力和单株产量的影响。结果表明:随着水分亏缺加重,根干重、根系吸收表面积、根伤流、根活力均呈现显著降低的变化趋势,表现为80%>70%>60%>50%;7月20日前后亏缺灌溉降低大豆根系的N、P2O5和K2O百分含量和积累量,降低大豆籽粒产量,70%、60%、50%水分处理的单株产量分别为80%处理的87.8%、63.0%、49.9%;水分利用效率以70%处理最高,为0.5 kg.m-3。结果表明通过适度的亏缺灌溉,控制大豆根系的生长和活力变化以及根系对N、P2O5、K2O的积累量未实现大豆节水高产是可行的。Xindadou 8 was used as tested material to study 4 kinds of soil moistures influences（lower limit was 80%,70%,60% and 50% field held） on root system growth,root system vigor and yield of single plant by pot culture method.The results showed that along with water deficit,dry weight,root system absorb superficial area,root bleeding,and root vigor displayed notable lessening trend as 80% 70% 60% 50%;Moreover,the percentage content and accumulating amounts of N,P2O5,K2O and seed yield around July 20th decreased after deficit irrigation treatment.Furthermore,compared with 80% moisture treatment,yield per plant of 70%,60% and 50% moisture treatment reduced to 87.8%,63.0% and 49.9%,respectively.And the water was efficiency of 70% treatment was maximal.The results indicated that controlled the growth,vigor changes and accumulation of N,P2O5,K2O in soybean root system by moderating deficit irrigation to achieve water-saving and high production of soybean was feasible.

关 键 词：大豆 亏缺灌溉 根系生长 根系养分 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]