四川地区参考作物蒸散量的变化特征及气候影响因素分析  

Analysis on Change of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and Climatic Influence Factors in Sichuan

作　　者：陈超[1,2] 庞艳梅 潘学标[2] 王春艳[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,成都610071 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]北京市门头沟区气象局,北京102308 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2011年第1期35-40,共6页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：教育部高等学校科技创新工程重大项目培育资金项目(708013);国家科技支撑计划重大项目课题(2007BAC03A02);中国气象局成都高原气象研究所高原气象开放实验室基金项目"气候变化对四川主要农作物生产的影响"

摘　　要：参考作物蒸散量是估算作物需水量的关键因子,对指导农田灌溉具有重要的现实意义。本文利用1961-2009年四川地区5个盆地站点和5个高原站点的逐日气候资料,采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算参考作物蒸散量(ET0),分析了当地ET0的日值、月值、季值和年值的变化特征,并采用偏相关分析方法,对影响ET0变化的主要气候因子进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)四川盆地与高原地区参考作物蒸散量的日均值、月均值呈单峰或双峰型曲线变化,有明显的季节特点,最小值出现在冬季,最大值出现在夏季。(2)盆地地区各站点的年ET0呈波动递减趋势,且下降趋势通过了显著性检验;高原地区木里、松潘两站点的ET0呈上升趋势,其他站点呈减少的趋势。(3)四川地区的年、季参考作物蒸散量与日照时数、风速、相对湿度、平均温度、最高温度、最低温度、气压等要素关系密切,但近50a来日照时数的显著下降是导致盆地地区参考作物蒸散量减少的主要原因,风速的变化是导致高原地区参考作物蒸散量变化的主要原因。Reference crop evapotranspiration（ET0） was a key factor to estimate crop water requirement and determine farming irrigation.The characteristics of ET0 and its major climate influence factors were analyzed respectively by using the Penman-Monteith equation and partia1 correlation analysis method,based on daily meteorological data from 5 basin stations and 5 plateau stations from 1961 to 2009 in Sichuan province.The results showed that both daily and monthly average ET0,both in basin stations and plateau stations,changed in seasons.The highest point was in summer,and the lowest point was in winter.The annual average ET0 in basin stations decreased fluctuant,and the decline rate was significant.The annua1 average ET0 in plateau stations decreased slightly except for Muli and Songpan.The annual and seasonal average ET0 in Sichuan province had close relationship to sunshine duration,wind speed,relative humidity,average temperature,maximum and minimum temperature,and air pressure.Sunshine duration reduction in last 50 years resulted to average ET0 decreased in basin stations,and the wind speed varation resulted to average ET0 decreased in plateau stations.

关 键 词：四川 参考作物蒸散量 气候影响因子 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]