模拟降雨条件下黄土丘陵区主要植物种子的流失特征  

Seed Loss Characteristics of Main Species in Loess Hilly-gullied Area by Simulated Rainfall Erosion

作　　者：雷东[1] 韩鲁艳[2,3] 焦菊英[1,2] 温仲明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]山东民族技师学院,山东青州262500

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第1期1-6,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤种子库分布格局及植被恢复的土壤侵蚀解释"(40771126);西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费专项"黄土高原植被发育与恢复演替研究"(CX200906)

摘　　要：黄土丘陵沟壑区植被稀疏,土壤侵蚀严重,会造成种子随地表径流和泥沙运移发生流失,从而对植被恢复产生影响。采用人工模拟降雨试验,研究了该区29个主要物种种子在不同降雨侵蚀条件下(降雨强度100mm/h和150mm/h与坡度15°、20°、25°和30°的不同组合,降雨历时为1h)的流失特征,分析了黄土丘陵区主要物种种子的流失特征。结果表明:在所有供试的物种中有79.3%的物种种子发生了流失,平均流失率为27.4%。雨强越大,种子流失率越高,而坡度的影响不如雨强明显。种子的流失特征也受其质量、形状、大小和生理特征等的影响,发生流失的种子质量(M)多在50mg以下,当M<10mg时,种子质量越小,流失率越大,而当10mg<M<50mg时,种子流失主要受形状特征及附属物的影响,圆形和椭圆形的种子发生流失的机率最大。For sparse vegetation and serious soil erosion in Loess Hilly gullied area, the seed loss by surface runoff and sediment transport may has impacts on vegetation restoration. To analyze the seed loss characteristics of the main species in the loess hilly gullied area, rainfall simulation experiments were carried out over 1 m^2 plots on 15° 20°, 25° and 30° loess slopes for a 60-minute duration with intensities of 100 mm/h and 150 mm/h. The results showed that, there were 23 species （accounting for 79.30/oo） having seed loss with an average seed loss rate of 27.4%, heavier rainfall leads to higher seed loss ratio on same slope, while the effect of slope on seed loss was not more significant than rainfall intensity. The seed loss was also affected by the mass, shape, size and physiological feature of seed itself. Most seeds occurred seed loss with a mass below 50 rag, seed loss ratio has negative correlation with seed mass when it below 10 rag; when 10 tug,〈 seed mass〈 50 mg, seed shape and appendices come to be the main factors affecting seed loss, the round and oval seeds were prone to loss.

关 键 词：降雨侵蚀 种子流失 种子形态 黄土丘陵区 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] S157[农业科学—农业基础科学]