大理河流域1970-2002年水保措施减洪减沙效益深化分析  

More Comprehensive Analysis on Benefits of Flood & Sediment Reduction of Soil and Water Conservation Measures During 1970-2002 in Dali River Basin

作　　者：冉大川[1,2] 张志萍[3] 罗全华[3] 寇权[3] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]黄河水利委员会西峰水土保持科学试验站,甘肃西峰745000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第1期17-23,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：黄河水利委员会“十五”重大治黄科技项目(2002SZ08);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAB06B01-04)

摘　　要：根据实测水文资料,采用"水文法"和"水保法"两种方法,对大理河流域1970-2002年的水沙变化和水土保持综合治理减洪减沙效益进行了比较全面的计算和分析。大理河流域20世纪70,80,90年代降雨量、径流量和输沙量呈递减趋势,其中80年代减幅最大,70,90年代减幅接近。2000-2002年年降水量和汛期降水量分别比基准期增大了8.0%和9.3%,但径流、泥沙依然递减。"水文法"计算结果表明,1970-2002年大理河流域共计减少洪水10.114 5亿m3,年均减少洪水3 065万m3,其中水土保持综合治理年均减少洪水2 370万m3,占减少洪水总量的77.2%,年均减少洪水效益25.2%;共计减沙8.448亿t,年均减沙2 560万t,其中水土保持综合治理年均减沙1 940万t,占总减沙量的75.8%,年均减沙效益37.6%。"水保法"计算结果表明,1970-2002年大理河流域水土保持措施共计减少洪水7.524亿m3,年均减少洪水2 280万m3,年均减少洪水效益24.5%;水土保持措施共计减沙6.138亿t,年均减沙1 860万t,年均减沙效益36.6%。近期流域水土保持综合治理减洪减沙效益显著,水保措施减水减沙比依时序呈下降趋势。According to hydrological data, using ＇Hydrology method＇ and ＇soil and water conservation method＇ made a more comprehensive calculation and analysis on Benefits of Flood ＆ Sediment Reduction of Soil and Water Conservation Measures during 1970--2002 in Dali River Basin. Dali River Basin in the 20th century 70, 80, 90 era of rainfall, runoff and sediment discharge decreased gradually, maximum reduction was in 1980s, and 1970s, 1990s close. 2000--2002 precipitation and flood season precipitation compared with the base period increased 8.0% and 9.3%, but runoff, sediment is still decreasing. The results of ＇Hydrology method＇ show that 1970--2002 Dali River Basin totally reduce 1.0ll 45 X 10^9 m^3 flood, an average annual re duction of flood was 3.06,5 X 10^7 m^3 , soil and water conservation average annual reduction of flood 2.37× 10^7 m^3, accounting for 77.2% of the total flood reduction, accounting for 25.2%of average annual flood reduc tion; total of sediment reduction 8. 448×10^8 t, annual sediment reduction 2.56 X 107 t, including soil and wa ter conservation annual sediment reduction 1.94X 10^7 t, of the total sediment reduction of 75.8%, 37.6＆ of annual sediment reduction benefit. The results of ＇soil and water conservation method＇ show that 1970--2002 Dali River Basin totally reduce 7. 524 X 10^8 m^3 flood, an average annual reduction of flood was 2.28 ×10^7 m^3 , accounting for 24. 5% of average annual flood reduction,total of soil and water conservation sediment reduction 6. 138 × 10^8 t, annual sediment reduction 1.86 × 10^8 t, accounting for 36.6%of annual sediment reduction benefit. Recent soil and water conservation flood and sediment reduction benefits are remarkable, and flood and sediment reduction in chronological decline

关 键 词：水沙变化 减洪减沙 效益 大理河流域 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]