施肥对陕西关中西部灌区小麦养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响  

Effects of different fertilizer applications on the N,P and K uptakes and fertilizer use efficiency on winter wheat in the irrigation region of Western Guanzhong,Shaanxi province

作　　者：张鹏[1] 刘瑞[1] 崔亚胜 王天泰 乌鸿科 周建斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]户县土肥站,陕西户县710300 [3]周至县土肥站,陕西周至710400 [4]扶风县土肥站,陕西扶风722200

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第1期166-170,178,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA4B09);西北农林科技大学拔尖人才支持计划项目(2006)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施肥处理对陕西关中西部灌区小麦氮、磷、钾养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响。【方法】在户县、周至和扶风3个县设置16个田间试验点,采用"3414"试验设计,研究不同施肥处理对冬小麦氮、磷、钾养分吸收及其利用率的影响。【结果】不同施肥处理中,均以氮、磷、钾配合施用处理(N2P2K2)的氮、磷、钾养分吸收量、肥料利用效率及肥料偏生产力最高,其中以氮、磷吸收量的增加幅度较为显著;N2P2K2处理的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别为30.94%,21.65%和41.49%;随着产量水平的增加,每形成100 kg籽粒时的冬小麦氮、磷、钾养分携出量呈降低趋势,当小麦籽粒产量由4 000增加到8 000 kg/hm2时,每形成100 kg小麦籽粒的氮、磷、钾养分携出量分别降低了18%,15%和17%。【结论】在推荐施肥过程中,有必要根据产量水平确定适宜的单位经济产量养分携出量参数,以较准确地确定作物养分携出量。【Objective】 The experiment was carried out to study the effects of different fertilizer applications on the N,P and K uptakes and fertilizer use efficiency on winter wheat in the irrigation region of Western Guanzhong area.【Method】 Sixteen ＂3414＂ field experiments in Huxian,Zhouzhi and Fufeng County were set to study the effect of different fertilizer applications on the N,P and K uptakes.【Result】 The N,P,K uptakes,fertilizers recovery and partial factor productivity were the highest in the N2P2K2 treatment,which increased N,P uptakes significantly.The N,P,K fertilizers use efficiency were 30.94%,21.65%,41.49% in the N2P2K2 treatment,respectively.The N,P,K uptakes for forming 100 kg wheat grains decreased as the wheat grain yield increased.When the wheat grain yield increased to 8 000 kg/hm2 from 4 000 kg/hm2,the N,P,K uptakes per 100 kg wheat grain reduced by 18%,15%,17%,respectively.【Conclusion】 Therefore,in order to accurately estimate the amount of crop nutrients uptake in making fertilization recommendation,it is necessary to use various N,P,K uptakes to form 100 kg wheat grains according to the level of grain yield.

关 键 词：小麦 田间肥料试验 养分吸收 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S512.106.2[农业科学—作物学]