河南太行山自然保护区猕猴冬春季食性分析  

Winter and spring food habits of Macaca mulatta tcheliensis in Taihangshan National Nature Reserve in Henan Province of China

作　　者：郭相保[1] 王振龙[1] 陈菊荣[2] 田军东[1] 王白石[1] 路纪琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所,郑州450001 [2]济源市农业局,河南济源454650

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第3期483-488,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30770381);郑州大学研究生创新基金项目(D0401)资助

摘　　要：2008年11月-2009年4月,在太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区采集了40份太行山猕猴粪样和38科91种植物标本,用粪便显微组织学分析法研究了太行山猕猴的冬春季食性。结果表明:1)太行山猕猴在冬季采食植物13科21种,其中栓皮栎、青冈、羊胡草、露珠草、大叶榉是其冬季的主要采食植物,共占所采食植物总量的55.4%;小叶榉、千金榆、南蛇藤、君迁子等10种是常见采食植物,共占所采食植物总量的39.1%;第三类是少见采食植物,包括板栗、毛栗、辽东栎,蒙古栎、黄荆等5种,共占所采食植物总量的5.2%;2)共记录到猕猴春季采食植物24科37种,其中栓皮栎、青冈、早熟禾、大叶榉、小叶榉、千金榆、鹅耳枥、枳椇、构树、博落回等10种为主要采食植物,共占所采食植物总量的70.8%;唐松草、白丁香、紫丁香等14种是常见采食植物,共占所采食植物总量的23.4%,少见采食植物包括马齿苋、铁线莲、槐、胡枝子等16种,共占所采食植物总量的5.7%;3)部分植物在冬季和春季均被猕猴取食,但在2个季节所取食的部位有所不同,在冬季主要取食嫩芽和果实,在春季则主要取食花和叶。太行山猕猴在春季的取食植物比冬季更广泛。Macaca mulatta tcheliensis,a peculiar subspecies of rhesus macaque in China,is occurred the temperate Mt.Taihangshan area.In November 2008-April 2009,40 piles of the macaque feces and 91 categories of plant specimen were collected from the Taihangshan National Nature Reserve in Jiyuan of Henan Province,and the micro-histological analysis of feces was used to study the food habits of the rhesus macaque in winter and spring.A total of 21 plant species belonging to 13 families were identified as the food items of the macaque in winter,among these plants,Quercus variabilis,Q.aliena,Eriophorum russeolum,Circaea cordata,and Zelkova schneideriana were the major food items,occupying 55.4% of the eaten plants,while 11 plant species,including Z.sinica,Carpinus cordata,Celastrus orbiculatus,and Diospyros lotus,etc.,were the common food items,accounting for 39.1% of the eaten plants.The other 5 plant species were occasionally eaten by the macaque,accounting for 5.2% of the winter diets.In spring,37 plant species belonging to 24 families were fed by the macaque,among these plants,Q.variabilis,Q.aliena,Poa annua,Z.schneideriana,Z.sinica,Carpinus cordata,C.turczaninowii,Semen hoveniae,Celastrus orbiculatus,and Diospyros lotus were the preferred items,occupying 70.8% of the eaten plants,14 species including Thalictrum aquilegifolium,Syringa oblata,and S.oblata were the common food items,contributing 23.4% to the eaten plants,and the other 12 species were occasionally consumed by the macaque,accounting for 5.7% of the eaten items.Some of the plant species collected was predated by the macaque both in winter and in spring,but the predated parts of plants differed between two seasons.In winter,the macaque usually ate burgeon and seed;while in spring,the macaque usually ate leaf and flower.Furthermore,the diet of the macaque was more extensive in spring than that in winter.

关 键 词：太行山猕猴 粪便 显微组织学 食物种类 太行山 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]