杜鹃红山茶的传粉生物学  

Pollination biology of Camellia changii

作　　者：罗晓莹[1,2] 唐光大[1] 莫罗坚[1,3] 庄雪影[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学院,广州510642 [2]韶关学院旅游与地理学院,广东韶关512005 [3]东莞市林业科学研究所,广东东莞523106

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第3期552-557,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：广东省林业科技计划项目(2006-14)资助

摘　　要：杜鹃红山茶(Camellia changii)为中国特有的濒危植物,仅见于广东省阳春市鹅凰嶂自然保护区内。对该保护区杜鹃红山茶自然种群进行了杂交指数(OCI)、花粉-胚珠比(P/O)和控制授粉试验研究,探讨其致濒原因。结果表明:杜鹃红山茶的繁育系统为专性异交型,自交不亲和,为典型的虫媒传粉型植物;在自然条件下,其子房败育率高达64%;杜鹃红山茶种群的花柱呈长度分化:20%为长花柱型(L型),76%为短花柱型(S型);杜鹃红山茶的有效传粉昆虫主要为蝶类和蜂类,但昆虫的访花频率较低。综合以上结果,杜鹃红山茶的濒危原因可能包括2个方面,一是自交不亲和性和花柱异长现象导致子房败育率高,二是传粉昆虫访花频率低导致自然结实率低。Camellia changii is an endangered plant species endemic to China,and only confined to the E＇huangzhang Nature Reserve in Yangchun City of Guangdong Province.In this paper,an experimental study was conducted on the out-crossing index（OCI）,pollen-ovule ratio（P/O）,and controlled pollination treatment of natural C.changii population in the reserve,with the causes of its endangering approached.It was found that C.changii was a typical insect-pollinated plant species,with its breeding system out-crossing and self-incompatible.Its ovary had a high abortion rate（64%）under natural conditions.The style height of the C.changii population was apparently differentiated in length,i.e.,20% were long-morph（type L）,and 76% were short-morph（type S）.Butterflies and bees were the main effective pollinators of C.changii,but their visiting frequency was low.Based on the experimental results,the major causes of the endangering of C.changii could be（1）the high abortion rate of its ovary due to the self-incompatibility and heterostyly,and（2）the low fruiting rate due to the low visiting frequency of pollinators.

关 键 词：杜鹃红山茶 繁育系统 传粉 访花昆虫 致濒原因 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]