南方森林雨雪冰冻灾害的特征  

Characteristics of forest damage induced by frozen rain and snow in South China:A review

作　　者：吴可可[1] 彭少麟[1] 陈蕾伊[1] 徐雅雯[1] 朱丽蓉[1] 林真光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第3期611-620,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：广东省林业科技创新专项资金项目(2008KJCX012);广东省林业科技创新专项资金项目(2009KJCX015)资助

摘　　要：近年来极端气候事件频发,各地的雨雪冰冻灾害受到广泛关注。极端的雨雪冰冻灾害作为一个重要的扰动因子,对森林生态系统造成重大影响,尤其是在中国冰雪天气少有发生的南亚热带地区。2008年1-2月中国南方遭受了一场低温雨雪冰冻综合性极端天气灾害,其持续时间长,影响范围广,对中国南方森林造成了严重的损害。国内对此次雨雪冰冻灾情概况、林木受损情况以及雨雪冰冻灾害程度的影响因素等方面开展了大量研究,而现有的研究对受损林木评定的标准主观、粗略不全或是概念混淆,造成各研究结果难以比较。为明晰分类标准及相关概念,本文在总结雨雪冰冻灾害发生的气候与生物学特点、整合前人研究结果的基础上,提出雨雪冰冻灾害中林木生理冻害分类标准以及林木机械损伤分类标准,为相关研究提供参考依据。同时,总结分析雨雪冰冻灾害中导致森林受损的各影响因素,并将众多的因素总结归纳为影响凝雪冰凌重量及林木自身抵抗力2个方面。最后,针对灾害的影响因素以及灾后森林易发生的次生灾害,提出灾后森林恢复与重建的建议。In recent years,extreme weather disaster happens frequently,and much attention has been paid to the disasters caused by frozen rain and snow.Behaving as intense disturbances,extreme frozen rain and snow disasters could exert strong effects on forest ecosystems,especially in the subtropical area of China where frozen rain and snow weather rarely happens.In South China,a long-lasting extreme meteorological disaster occurred from January to February 2008.This meteorological disaster was characterized by frozen rain and snow with extreme low temperature,which caused huge damage to the forests across a large region.Many studies have been made in this country on the general situation of this disaster,damaged conditions of forests,and related affecting factors,but the measurement criteria of damaged trees were rather subjective,rough,or incomplete,and the relevant concepts were confusing,which made it difficult to compare the results among different studies.In order to standardize the classification criteria of damaged trees and to clarify relevant concepts,we proposed the physiological and mechanical classification criteria of damaged trees based on previous studies and the climatic and biological characteristics of extreme meteorological disasters,which could be a reference to relevant studies.Meanwhile,the factors that could affect the damage status of forest trees during this disaster were analyzed,and they were summarized into two categories,i.e.,one,affecting the weights of frozen snow and ice,and the other,affecting the resistance of trees.In the last,some comments for the forest restoration and reconstruction after the disaster were proposed,based on the affecting factors of the disaster and the secondary damages easily to be happened after the disaster.

关 键 词：灾害概况 生理损伤 机械损伤 分类标准 次生灾害 影响因素 恢复重建 

分 类 号：S761[农业科学—森林保护学]