岩石损伤破坏过程声发射试验及其能量特征分析  

Experimental Study of Acoustic Emission Characteristics during Rock Failure Process and Energy Properties

作　　者：张晖辉[1] 刘峰[1] 常福清[1] 

机构地区：[1]燕山大学建筑工程与力学学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2011年第3期48-54,共7页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：燕山大学博士基金资助项目(B382)

摘　　要：声发射是岩石变形破裂过程中的重要物理现象,也是反映岩石力学特性的一个本构参量。通过三轴应力条件下大尺度岩石损伤破坏声发射试验,得到了3类岩石破坏全过程力学特征和声发射特征。试验中利用高速多通道声发射数字记录系统,获得了岩石试件破坏前微破裂活动的详细时空分布数据。基于试验结果,研究了3类岩石(花岗岩、砂岩、大理岩)压缩变形破坏及其能量演化特征,进而推导出声发射累积能量释放与载荷之间的关系,并研究了预测岩石宏观破坏的前兆现象——能量加速释放。结果显示,3类岩石试件宏观破坏前均出现了能量加速释放现象,同时花岗岩的声发射次数发展都大于砂岩和大理岩,花岗岩与砂岩的损伤都以微破裂为主。Acoustic emission（AE） is an important physical phenomenon when rocks are deformed and fractured due to loading.It is also a direct constitutive parameter to show the mechanical properties of rocks.Experiments on acoustic emission characteristics of large-scale rock failure were carried out in tri-axial stress state.The mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of three kinds of rocks during fracture process were obtained.A rapid multi-channel AE data acquisition system was used to monitor the spatio-temporal distribution of each damage before macro-fracture.Based on the experimental results,the compressive deformation failure and energy properties of three kinds of rock specimens（granite,sandstone,marble） were studied.An expression between AE accumulative energy release and load was derived.The precursor of rock macroscopic failure such as accelerating energy release（AER） was studied.The experimental results indicate that the phenomena of AER all occurred before macro fracture of the three kinds of rock specimens.The whole AE events of granite samples are far more than those of sandstone and marble samples.The micro fracture is main damage mode of granite and sandstone.

关 键 词：道路工程 岩石力学 岩石破坏前兆 声发射 能量加速释放 

分 类 号：U416.1[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TU452[建筑科学—岩土工程]