桉树人工林地土壤养分和重金属现状分析与评价  

Analysis and evaluation of soil nutrients and heavy metals of Eucalyptus plantation

作　　者：刘平[1] 秦晶[1] 刘建昌[1] 李勇志[1] 王华锋[1] 王效科[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2011年第3期649-656,共8页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：环保部公益性行业科研专项(200809087)

摘　　要：为了评价大面积人工种植桉树对当地土壤养分变化和重金属富集效应的影响,本研究以普洱市3.75万hm2桉树人工林为研究对象,通过定位观测并将其与当地次生林、撂荒地进行比较,分析土壤养分变化情况、重金属污染等级以及两者之间的相关性。结果表明,桉树林表层土壤养分的含量均高于背景值,其中有效磷、水解性氮、全磷、全钾、有机质和速效钾极显著高于撂荒地（P〈0.01）,全氮略高但差异不显著;与次生林相比,桉树林土壤养分全氮和水解性氮显著低（P〈0.05）,全钾和全磷的含量显著高（P〈0.05）,有效磷的含量极显著高（P〈0.01）,有机质和速效钾略高但差异不显著。桉树林表层土壤样品重金属综合污染指数为1.08,低于撂荒地的1.14而高于次生林的0.67,说明桉树林土壤已处于轻微度污染等级,有可能会引起农作物污染,其中铅、锌、铜、镍、砷和铬等6种重金属含量处于安全水平,而镉的单因子污染指数值介于1~2之间,表明桉树林土壤属于轻度镉污染,但相关性分析结果表明,桉树林表层土壤养分的含量与重金属的含量无显著相关。To evaluate the influences of Eucalyptus planted in a large scale on the pool and dynamics of soil nutrients and heavy metals,we studied the contents of soil nutrients,the status of heavy metal contamination and the correlation of soil physicochemical properties among Eucalyptus forestry,secondary forestry and abandoned land based on the 37 500 hectares of Eucalyptus forestry located in Pu＇er,Yunnan Province.The results indicated that the contents of soil nutrients of Eucalyptus plantation were higher than background values.Compared with the abandoned land,the contents of TP,TK,A-P,A-K,A-N and organic matter were significantly higher（P0.01）,TN was to some degree higher but without significant difference.With comparison to the secondary forestry,the contents of TN and A-N of Eucalyptus plantation were much lower（P0.05）,however,TN and TP were much higher（P0.05）,A-P was significantly higher（P0.01）,OM and A-K were somewhat higher without significant difference.The order of pollution index of heavy metals was as follows 1.14 of the abandoned land,1.08 of Eucalyptus forestry,and 0.67 of the secondary forestry,respectively.These results showed that the surface soil of Eucalyptus plantation was slightly polluted by heavy metals,which would potentially lead to the contamination of crops.Among all tested heavy metals,only the single factor pollution index of Cd was ranged from 1 to 2,others were less than 1.It showed that the soil was slightly polluted by Cd.Further data analysis demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between contents of soil nutrients and heavy metals in Eucalyptus plantation.

关 键 词：桉树 人工林 土壤养分 重金属 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]