土客冲突、商镇发展与民俗创造——江西上犹营前圩的个案研究  

Conflicts Between the Native and Hakka,Development of Commercial Town and the Invention Of Folk Custom: the Studies on the case of Yingqian Town in Shangyou County in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：黄志繁[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学人文学院江右哲学研究中心

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第1期86-94,159,共9页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目"明清南方乡村地区人口与移民的历史人类学考察"(07JJD840199)

摘　　要：随着大量流民进入赣南上犹县的营前圩,营前的土客力量对比发生了变化。虽然清初至清中叶营前的土著仍然维持强势的经济实力和文化优势,但至晚清,客籍人逐渐掌握了商镇的控制权和地方文化话语权。此时,营前的土客矛盾已经不明显,而各宗族之间的争斗却激烈起来。宗族在争斗中逐渐"创造"出了独特的地方民俗:门榜与九狮拜象。可以说,营前地区独特的两种民俗———"门榜"和"九狮拜象",并非单纯的"客家民俗",而是营前各宗族历经土客冲突与融合,面对变动的社区政治经济格局,对原有民俗的"发明"和"创造"。从本质上说,"地方"民俗实际上是一种策略,一种应对社区竞争和发展需要的策略;从广义上说,一切民俗活动都会随着时代的变迁而变动,民众根据现实政治经济需要对传统民俗不断进行着"发明"和"创造"。With the large number of immigrants came into Yingqian Town in Shangyou County in Southern Jiangxi,which broke the balance of power between the immigrants and the natives. Although the natives remained strong economic strength and cultural superiority at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty and the mid of the Qing Dynasty,immigrants who were called Hakka gradually mastered the control of the town and the right of local culture in the late Qing Dynasty. So the conflicting between the natives and the Hakka have not been obvious,the conflicting among the lineages replaced the conflicting between the natives and the Hakka. While competed each other,Lineages gradually created two kinds of folk custom which were Menbang and Jiushibaixiang. The natives andHakka invented this two kinds of folk custom basing on their cultural characteristics in order to deal with the change of political and economic circumstances. People has always inventing the new folk custom in the face of the change of politics and economy.

关 键 词：宗族 民俗 赣南 门榜 九狮拜象 

分 类 号：K892.3[历史地理—民俗学]