4组常温分解小麦秸秆复合菌系的比较研究  

Comparison of four microbial communities with wheat straw-degradation capability at normal temperature

作　　者：王小娟[1] 李培培[1] 袁旭峰[1] 王小芬[1] 崔宗均[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/生物质工程中心,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2011年第1期24-29,共6页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD07A01)

摘　　要：为筛选常温高效产酶复合菌系,分别以枯叶土壤、牛粪、堆肥和自然腐烂的小麦秸秆为微生物源,通过"外淘汰法"筛选了4组常温分解小麦秸秆并产胞外酶的复合菌系WSD-5、N、M和D。培养15d后,WSD-5分解小麦秸秆75.6%,而N、M和D的分解率分别为65.0%、69.4%和67.5%。通过各复合菌系对小麦秸秆纤维素、半纤维素和木质素成分的分解比较,可知WSD-5复合菌系具有明显的分解优势:相对于初始秸秆,WSD-5复合菌系使麦秆中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素分别减少了94.2%、81.9%和21.3%。4组复合菌系虽然均检测到纤维素酶、木聚糖酶及滤纸酶的酶活性,但以WSD-5复合菌系的酶活性为最高。其中滤纸酶活性最高为1.30U/mL,纤维素内切酶活性达4.35U/mL,外切酶活性达到0.60U/mL,β葡萄糖甘酶活性达到0.43U/mL,木聚糖酶活性达到15.16U/mL。特异引物PCR结果显示,WSD-5复合菌系由真菌和细菌共同组成。Four microbial communities named WSD-5,N,M and D,which with stable wheat straw-degradation capability,were constructed at normal temperature using the restricted cultivation technology.Compared with other three groups,WSD-5 exhibited the potential higher wheat straw-degradation ability during the process of continuous cultivation.On the 15th day,WSD-5 displayed the maximum wheat straw-degradation rate up to 75.6%,compared to N（65.0%）,M（69.4%） and D（67.5%）.Based on the results,up to 94.2% of cellulose,81.9% of hemicellulose,and 21.3% of lignin could be decomposed by WSD-5.The activities of cellulase,xylanase,and filter paper were detected for all the four communities and the results demonstrated that WSD-5 showed the highest enzyme activity（filter paper activity,1.30 U/mL;cellulose endonuclease activity,4.35 U/mL;exonuclease,0.60 U/mL;β-glucosidase activity,0.43 U/mL;xylanase activity,15.16 U/mL）.The result of specific primer PCR showed that WSD-5 was consisted of fungi and bacteria together.

关 键 词：木质纤维素 微生物 分解菌复合系 酶活性 

分 类 号：S216.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]