化肥施用技术效率及影响因素——基于小麦和玉米的实证分析  

Technical efficiency of fertilizer and its influencing factors:Based on wheat and corn empirical study

作　　者：杨增旭[1,2] 韩洪云[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学管理学院,杭州310029 [2]枣庄学院,山东枣庄277160

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2011年第1期140-147,共8页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：2008年国家自然基金项目(70873108);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(2007JJD630014);2009年国家社会科学基金重点项目(09AZD043)

摘　　要：作物耕种的化肥施用是我国农业面源污染的主要来源。本研究基于1996—2009年的省级面板数据,采用随机生产函数测算了我国小麦和玉米化肥施用的技术效率,并利用Tobit模型分析了影响化肥施用技术效率的因素。研究表明:小麦和玉米化肥施用技术效率低下不仅阻碍了其生产技术效率的提高,也是农业面源污染的重要原因;化肥价格、农民的收入水平、农户的种植规模和农户获得的技术培训是决定化肥施用技术效率的重要因素。当前政府实施的增加农民农业收入、鼓励土地流转的政策有助于提高化肥施用的技术效率,降低农业面源污染;而对具有环境污染效应的农业生产要素的补贴政策不利于农业面源污染的治理;提高施肥技术效率、降低农业面源污染需要加强和完善我国农业技术推广体系。It is fertilizering the crops that is a major resource of agricultural non-point pollution in China.Basing on provincial panel data from 1996 to 2009,using Stochastic Frontier Production Function approach we calculate fertilizering technical efficiency of wheat and corn in China,and using Tobit model,we analyze the factors that determine the technical efficiency of fertilizing.The result showed,the low efficiency of fertilizering not only affects its production technical efficiency,but is the major reason of agricultural non-point pollution;fertilizer price,income of farmers,planting scale and technology training for farmers are important factors affecting technical efficiency of fertilizer.The policy of improving income of farmers and encouraging land transfer can increase technical efficiency of fertilizer and decrease agricultural non-point pollution;subsidies policies for producing factors with pollution go against the governance of agricultural non-point pollution;Chinese Agricultural Technology Extension should be strengthened and perfected in order to increase fertilizering technical efficiency and reduce agricultural non-point pollution.

关 键 词：化肥 施肥技术效率 影响因素 政策含义 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]