我国南方秸秆还田的培肥增产效应  

Effect of straw returning on improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield in Southern China

作　　者：杨帆[1] 李荣[1] 崔勇[1] 包耀贤[2] 段英华[2] 

机构地区：[1]全国农业技术推广中心,北京100026 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2011年第1期10-14,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家财政部土壤有机质提升补贴项目;国家"十一五"重点科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09;2006BAD02A14)资助

摘　　要：分别在安徽、湖南、湖北、广西和江苏布置定位试验2年,研究秸秆还田对水稻土的培肥增产效应。结果表明,相比对照(常规施肥,无秸秆还田),秸秆还田(常规施肥+秸秆腐熟剂+秸秆还田)2年来,各试验区域土壤结构疏松,肥力提高,产量增加。总体表现为:土壤容重平均下降2.69%;有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾和缓效钾分别平均增加6.20%、4.45%、3.68%、6.21%、3.48%、8.42%和4.20%;pH值变化不明显;作物平均增产7.5%(2.2%～18.5%),增幅为水稻(7.2%)<油菜(8.1%)<小麦(11.9%),增产效应均为第1年最明显,且随秸秆还田年限的延续而减缓。在我国应更大面积推广秸秆还田。Two years location experiments were conducted in the province of Anhui,Hunan,Hubei,Guangxi and Jiangsu to study effect of straw returning on improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield in paddy soil.Results showed that,after 2 years of straw returning（conventional fertilization＋decomposition agent＋straw returning）,soil structure became loose,fertility was improved and crop yield increased compared with CK（conventional fertilization and no straw）in all experimental site.As a whole,soil bulk density was decreased by 2.69%.Organic matter,total N,total P,available P,total K and slowly available K increased by an average 6.20%,4.45%,3.68%,6.21%,3.48%,8.42% and 4.20%,respectively.The pH value had no obvious changes.The average crop yield was increased by 7.5%（2.2%～18.5%）,the increases was rice（7.2%）rape（8.1%）wheat（11.9%）,among them,the yield increasing effect of the first year was the most obvious and it decreased with time of straw returning.In our country,straw returning should be extended widely.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 土壤有机质 土壤培肥 增产效应 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]