光叶紫花苕子在烟田中的腐解及养分释放动态研究  

Dynamics of the organic matter decomposition and nutrient release for smooth vetch (Vicia villosa Roth var.) in tobacco fields

作　　者：孔伟[1] 耿明建[1] 储刘专[1] 寇玲玲[1] 袁家富[2] 赵书军[2] 徐祥玉[2] 李小坤[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 曹卫东[3] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,湖北武汉430064 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区域研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2011年第1期64-68,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803029)

摘　　要：利用尼龙网袋法研究光叶紫花苕子在烟田中的腐解和养分释放规律。结果表明,种植烤烟与否对光叶紫花苕子有机物质的腐解及养分释放动态无明显影响。其有机物质前2周腐解最快,第3～9周腐解速率中等,9周以后较慢,各阶段平均每周分解量分别占整个烤烟生育期内总分解量的29.86%～31.76%,2.52%～2.60%和1.41%～1.74%。光叶紫花苕子的碳、氮、钾释放量与翻压时间的关系可用对数方程拟合,前1～2周释放速率最快,其后释放速率迅速下降并趋于稳定。其中氮在前5周释放量占其整个烤烟生育期内总释放量的86.90%～92.27%,不存在后期氮供应过多导致烤烟成熟期推迟问题。光叶紫花苕子磷的释放速率较平稳,没有明显阶段性,其释放量与翻压时间关系可用直线方程拟合。经过整个烤烟生长季节的分解,光叶紫花苕子碳、氮、钾、磷的释放率分别达到68.76%～71.28%、69.57%～74.40%、97.98%～98.02%、41.26%～42.41%。烟田翻压光叶紫花苕子做绿肥时,应在烟苗移栽前择期翻压,并适当减少化肥用量。The dynamics of nutrient release and organic matter decomposition of smooth vetch（Vicia villosa Roth var.） as green manure were studied in tobacco fields,which the green manure were wrapped in net nylon bags and embedded in plow layer in tobacco fields.Results showed that there was no significant influence on the organic matter decomposition rates and the nutrient release dynamics of smooth vetch whether flue-cured tobacco was planted in the fields or not.The organic matter decomposition rate of smooth vetch was divided 3 stages,it was the fastest in the first two weeks,and then from 3 to 9 weeks,obviously slow after the ninth week.The average rate of the organic matter decomposition per week to total during tobacco growth period was 29.86%～31.76%,2.52%～2.60% and 1.41%～1.74% in every stage,respectively.The relationship between the release of C,N and K in smooth vetch and decomposing time might be fitted by a logarithmic equation,their release rates was the fastest in the first 1～2 weeks,and then fell rapidly to a valley lasting to the end period of tobacco growth.The release of N accounted for 86.90%～92.27% of the total release in the whole growth period in the first 5 weeks,these suggested the problem that excessive nitrogen supply in later stage postponed the mature of flue-cured tobacco do not arise if smooth vetch was ploughed in green manure in the tobacco-growing areas in Enshi,Hubei.However,the release rate of P was relatively stable in smooth vetch,the relationship between the P release and decomposing time might be fitted by a linear equation.The release rates of C,N,K and P in smooth vetch were 68.76%～71.28%,69.57%～74.40%,97.98%～98.02% and 41.26%～42.41% during the whole growth period of tobacco,respectively.It could be inferred smooth vetch should be ploughed in green manure before tobacco transplant,and the application of chemical fertilizer would be properly decreased.

关 键 词：烟田 光叶紫花苕子 分解 动态 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]