石笋与环境——石笋纹层形成的环境机理初探  

STALAGMITES AND ENVIRONMENT —Preliminary Study on the Formation of Laminated Stalagmites

作　　者：谭明[1] 潘根兴[2] 王先锋[1] 秦小光[1] 滕永忠 宋林华[3] 林玉石[4] 

机构地区：[1]中科院地质与地球物理研究所洞穴沉积古气候实验室,北京100029 [2]南京农业大学,南京210095 [3]中科院地理所,北京100101 [4]国土资源部岩溶动力学开放实验室,桂林541004

出　　处：《中国岩溶》1999年第3期197-205,共9页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院资源与生态环境重点项目;国家自然科学重大基金

摘　　要：石笋沉积的生长条带从剖面图式可分为两大类：一类没有明确的沉积旋回界面，难以按层计数，称为“生长纹理”；另一类具有确定的沉积旋回界面，可以按层计数，称为“生长层理”。石笋生长层理可以发展成为一类重要的断代工具。中国北方型微层的形成可能主要与干湿季变化明显的气候条件、以及富含有机质和碱性交换态离子的土壤类型密切相关。而南方型微层的形成可能主要与较长时间的降水和有机质淋滤以及盛夏高温少降水的配置有关。如果沉积物中某种要素对物源或水流通过路径的环境变化能够灵敏反应，并按一定的时间单元将这些变化记录下来。Stalagmites have been used as high resolution climatic records since the annual lamination was discovered.Almost all stalagmites exhibit growth bands on their polishing sections. Growth bands can be divided into two classes:growth laminae showed by different color strips, and growth layer of calcite defined by horizontal divisions which are special material made interfaces.The stalagmite micro layer is one of the best means of chronological counting. A few of authors have interpreted why some stalagmites have laminated cycles under special climatic and geologic backgrounds.But no one knows why, even if from the same cave, some stalagmites have laminated cycles and others have not. It is clear that this situation can not be due to the causes of climate and geology. Soil, in fact, is another important dynamic fator for the formation of stalagmite lamination. It has been known, by the in situ analysis of second ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS), that the interface of the layer consists of organic matter and clay elements such as Al, Si and Fe which are directly from the covering soil.The soil leaching experiment shows that the soil which is abundant in organic matter, can supply a mass pulse which forms the layer interface after a rather long time of stopping washing, i.e.this kind of soil is responsible for the annual sedimentary cycle in a stalagmite due to an effect of drought, and for the sub layer, further, due to the interval of rains. In east China, the micro layers of stalagmites can be classified into the northern type and the southern type. The northern type such as samples from the Water Cave in Liaoning province, Shihua Cave and Yinhu Cave in Beijing city have very thin dark beddings that consist of organic matter (mainly humic acid and fulvic acid) and elements from clast,and rather thick bright layers that consist of calcite. The samples from Hulu Cave in Nanjing city are similar to the northern type.The southern type such as samples from Yaolin Cave in Zhejiang province,Panlong Cave in Gua

关 键 词：石笋 环境 气候-土壤动力 石笋纹层 古气候 

分 类 号：P532[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P931.5[天文地球—地质学]