西藏生态整体性水平测度  

Parallel analysis of ecological integrity and regional eco-modernization--A case study for Tibet

作　　者：智颖飙[1,2] 陶文辉[1] 王再岚[3] 马中[3] 张荷亮[1] 郭喜[4] Emmy Komada 刘秀珍[6] 旺扎拉[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学鄂尔多斯学院,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [2]安徽大学生命科学学院,安徽合肥100083 [3]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [4]北京大学公共管理学院,北京100870 [5]美国旧金山中国文化研究中心,旧金山94102 [6]新疆农业大学,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2010年第11期2600-2606,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30160020);中国博士后基金项目(20060400551)

摘　　要：为了探讨资源-环境双重约束下地处我国生态环境脆弱区的西藏的生态整体性特征,利用生态环境质量指数和生态现代化指数(EMI)对地处我国西南边陲的西藏地区的生态现代化水平进行了分析。结果表明:全球生态现代化水平在区域之间存在比较明显的空间分异。2004年西藏生态现代化指数为50,在全国排名为3位,较2000年的排名16位有了明显的提高。生态进步指数、经济生态化指数好于其他4个少数民族地区,但社会生态化指数落后于其他4个少数民族地区,人均SO2排放与新疆、广西相同,但高于内蒙古和宁夏;1980—2007年西藏现代化程度虽然有所提升,但远低于世界平均水平和中等发达国家以及我国平均水平和其他4个少数民族地区;1996—2007年西藏区域环境水平呈"W"型变动态势。资源转化率和水污染指数呈"N"型不稳定变动,生态保护指数和环境治理指数呈剧烈变动,生态脆弱性和环境支持系统的不稳定性没有明显改观。因此,西藏应立足地缘和资源优势,充分考虑西藏生态地域、生态系统服务功能、生态资产、生态敏感性以及人类活动对生态环境胁迫等要素的综合影响,依据青藏高原高寒生态大区和高寒草甸生态区、青藏高原高山草原、高寒草甸生态地区生态区划,发展人工设计生态方案的生态重建途径。建立严格的生态补偿制度,逐步提升生态现代化水平。The key to improving the overall level of ecological modernization is improving a region＇s ecological environment carrying capacity.This paper analyzes the use of eco-environmental quality indexes and ecological modernization indexes（EMI） on the fragile,ecologically modernized environment in western China＇s Tibetan Autonomous Region.The results showed universal ecological modernization in the region between clear spatial variations.Indexes of ecological modernization in 2004 ranked Tibet 50th in the national rankings,compared with 16th in 2000,illustrating that the region＇s ranking has improved significantly.The ecological progress index,economic and ecological indexes are better than four other areas populated primarily by ethnic minority groups,but the social ecology index notably lagged behind four said areas,with per capita emissions of SO2 exhibiting similar rates as that of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region,and Guangxi Province,but higher than those found in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Ningxia Province;1980-2007.Although the degree of modernization in Tibet has improved,statistics show that this improvement is still far below the world average and the average levels exhibited by moderately developed countries,China at large,and the four said areas similarly populated by ethnic minority groups.From 1996-2007 the Tibetan Autonomous Region stood at at the level of ＇W＇ in regional environmental rankings.The resources and water pollution index showed an ＇N＇ type instability changes conversion rate,the ecological protection and environmental governance index showed dramatic change,while ecological vulnerability and environmental support systems exhibited no significant change.Therefore,the Tibetan Autonomous Region＇s rankings should be viewed through the lens of geographical and resource-based advantages,with full consideration given to diverse ecological regions of Tibet,these ecosystem services,ecological assets,ecological sensitivity,and varied human activities on the ecological e

关 键 词：生态整体性 环境可持续性指数 现代化 归一化系数 西藏 

分 类 号：Q988[生物学—生态学]