坑道储水污染评价及其防护  

Evaluation on Water-Storage Pollution in Tunnel and Its Preventive Measures

作　　者：张永良[1] 侯小平[1] 苏青平[2] 周聚中[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军第251医院 [2]中国人民解放军66455部队工化处

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2011年第2期269-271,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：北京军区"十一五"科研课题(06BJ005)

摘　　要：目的对坑道储水污染状况进行评价,并提出系列防护措施,为战时或特殊情况下人员进驻提供科学依据。方法 对32个坑道储水的物理、化学、毒理、细菌、真菌、真菌菌株及真菌毒素,按照生活饮用水标准检验法进行检测。结果大部分储水水面漂浮有不同程度的真菌斑膜;化学和毒理学指标基本符合卫生标准;全部样本均未检出余氯,细菌总数合格率为4.8%;储水真菌数为252.3-1 345.6 cfu/ml,平均975.5 cfu/ml;对真菌菌株进行鉴定,主要为青霉、曲霉。结论坑道内环境、水库结构、储存时间对储水的化学和毒理学指标基本无影响;细菌学指标合格率低,真菌污染严重;储水污染的主要原因是未采取系列消毒措施;坑道空气中的大量真菌是储水的主要污染源;直接饮用未经消毒或消毒不完全的污染水,对人员健康构成威胁,应采取系列改善措施。Objective To evaluate the water-storage pollution in tunnel and put forward a series of preventive measures,and to provide a scientific basis for personnel entrances in wartime or some special conditions. Methods The physics,chemistry,toxicology,bacteria,fungi,fungal strain and fungal-toxin of the stored water in 32 tunnels were detected based on the standard testing methods for domestic drinking water. Results There were fungal vela in various degrees floating on large parts of the stored water surface.The chemical and toxicological indexes basically accorded with the hygienic standard.Residual chlorine was not detected from total samples and the qualified rate of total bacteria was 4.8%.The fungi number of the stored water was（252.3～1,345.6） cfu/ml,with an average of 975.5 cfu/ml.They were penicilium and asprgillus by identifying the fungal strains. Conclusions The environment in tunnel,reservoir structure,and storage time basically had no effect on the chemical and toxicoligical indexes of the stored water.The qualified rate of bacteriologic index was low and the fungi pollution was severe.The main reason of water-storage pollution was that a series of disinfection measures were not taken.The main pollution sources of the stored water were large numbers of fungi in tunnel air.It is a threat to people＇s health that drinking polluted water which is not disinfected or disinfected incompletely and a series of preventive measures should be taken.

关 键 词：坑道 储水污染 真菌 污染评价 防护措施 

分 类 号：R149[医药卫生—军事预防医学]