新疆伊犁树上干杏开花生物学及授粉受精特性初步研究  

Primary Studies on Pollination Fertilization and Biological Characters of Bloosom on Shushanggan-Apricot in Xinjiang Yili

作　　者：刁永强 尚振江 陈云华 殷洪华 李建贵[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆伊犁州林业科学研究院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]新疆农四师六十一团果树站,新疆霍城835200 [3]新疆农业大学,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2011年第1期10-13,共4页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAC15B06-02)

摘　　要：为探讨树上干杏开花生物学特性及授粉受精结实规律,于2010年4—5月在农四师六十一团农四连、园三连对树上干杏开花物候期、花器官形态特征以及发育不完全花比例进行人工调查,研究不同授粉方式对树上干杏坐果率的影响。试验结果表明,树上干杏树开花相对集中在4月上中旬,持续约7d;从花芽开始膨大到落花期末,持续15d左右;通过花器官特征调查,不同树上干杏之间完全花和发育不完全花比例差异很大,完全花比例最高的为小树上干杏,达91.0%,其次为早熟树上干杏(75.0%),最低的为大树上干杏为70.0%;不同树上于杏类型及其不同类型结果枝的发育不完全花率存在差性异,供试9株树上干杏的发育不完全花比率为9.0%～30.0%;不同授粉试验中自然授粉平均坐果率较高,为40.52%。树上干杏自花授粉不亲和,在生产过程中需要配置适宜的授粉树。The Shushanggan-apricot＇s flowering,pollination,fertilization and biological characteristics were studied in order to reveal its characteristics.In the early spring,observations were conducted on the phenophase of blossom,characters of flower organ and imperfect flower of Shushanggan-apricot in Nongsishi Huocheng.The results showed that the phenophase of blossom almost appeared in the middle of April,lasted 7 days,from the flower bud expansion to blossom falling,which continued 15 days.Based on the observations,there was great difference between the percentage of perfect flower and imperfect flower,the highest percentage of perfect flower was Xiao-Shuangshanggan-apricot,which reached to 91.0%,early maturity-Shuangshanggan-apricot ranked secondly, which was 75.0%,the lowest percentage of perfect flower was Da-Shuangshanggan-apricot,only 70.0%,the percentage of imperfect flower among different tree species is remarkably different,which between 9.0%to 30.0%among 9 strains Shushuanggan -apricot;experiment on pollination methods demonstrated that the fruit set percentage of natural pollination was the better one among the others,which canobtained 40.52%.Shushanggan-apricot＇s self-pollination shown as self-uncompatibility,its need to configuration pollination tree on production process.

关 键 词：树上干杏 花期 授粉受精 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]