极端干旱区成龄葡萄深层坑渗灌技术研究  

Technique Factors of the Deep Pit Infiltration Irrigation for Mature Grapes in Extremely Arid Area

作　　者：张建丰[1] 李涛[1] 张江辉 张胜江 白云岗 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水资源研究所,西安710048 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2011年第1期69-71,共3页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAD38B03);新疆自治区重大专项(200731136-5)

摘　　要：针对吐哈盆地葡萄的灌溉,在调研国内外果树灌溉方法基础上,提出了小管出流结合坑灌的葡萄深层坑渗灌技术,对葡萄深层坑渗灌的技术要素包括灌水器管径、埋深、间距和灌水定额及小管供水流量进行了初步研究。结果表明,灌水器的埋设深度主要取决于作物吸水根系分布范围、土壤质地和灌水定额;灌水器管径和间距主要取决于作物吸水根系分布范围、土壤质地和灌水定额;灌水定额主要取决于土壤质地和作物吸水根系分布范围;小管出流流量的大小取决于土壤质地和灌水器容积。大田试验结果表明,深层坑渗灌与沟灌相比,当节水52%时,可以减少57.46%的棵间蒸发,总产量减产1%,但商品产量增加71%。因此,该灌溉方式可以在不影响作物产量和品质的条件下,实现大量节水,并增加收入,实现水资源的高效利用,是一种适用于极端干旱区成龄葡萄的节水灌溉技术。Over use of irrigation water has been a serious problem for mature grapes in the Turpan-Hami basin.Based on an overview of fruit tree irrigation methods at home and abroad,we proposed a deep pit infiltration irrigation technique that combines with small tube flow and pit infiltration.Technical factors of the deep pit infiltration irrigation for grapes were studied in this paper,including size of the irrigator,buried depth,irrigator spacing,irrigation quota and the rate of the small tube flow.Findings of the research are as follow： the buried depth of irrigator and irrigation quota both depended on soil texture and rooting depth;the irrigator size and spacing depended on soil texture and irrigation amount;the rate of the small tube flow depended on the soil infiltration capacity,diameter and volume of the irrigator.Results from the field experiment showed that comparing with furrow irrigation,deep pit infiltration irrigation reduced surface evaporation by 57.46%,water saving is up to 52%,the total yield was slightly reduced by 1%,but marketable fruit yield was increased by 71%.This research showed that the deep pit infiltration irrigation method saved significant amount of water and increased revenue,it may be a water-saving irrigation technique that suits mature grapes in extremely arid area.

关 键 词：深层坑渗灌 葡萄 极端干旱区 节水灌溉 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]