岩浆热液成矿理论的失败:原因和出路  

On Failing of the Magmatic Hydrothermal Metallogenic Theory:the Causes and the New Departure

作　　者：罗照华[1] 卢欣祥[2] 刘翠[1] 李德东[1] 杨宗锋[1] 文思博[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京100083 [2]河南省国土资源科学研究院,郑州450053

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》2011年第1期1-11,共11页Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition

基　　金：中俄合作基金项目(40911120079;RFBR-GFEN08-05-92224);有色金属矿产地质调查中心危机矿山勘查理论项目(200699105-4);中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目(1212010911028);天津华北地质勘查总院科研项目(KY2008-2);国家自然科学基金项目(90814007)

摘　　要：流行的岩浆热液成矿理论假定含矿流体由岩浆分异作用、特别是分离结晶作用产生。由于大型、超大型矿床往往与小岩体有关,而小体积岩浆不能满足质量平衡的要求,其支持者进一步假定含矿岩体的深部存在一个大岩浆体。这种解释与矿区观察到的地质现象和理论推导结果相悖:(1)含矿斑岩中常见暗色微粒包体和大量具有较高密度的矿物,表明岩浆没有发生分离结晶作用;(2)流体的活动性远大于硅酸盐熔浆,没有证据表明岩浆分异产生的流体要在熔浆固结之后才开始活动;(3)矿区普遍见有同成矿的宽谱系岩墙群,暗示成矿期不存在大的深部岩浆房。因此,岩浆热液成矿理论遭遇的困境不仅仅是质量平衡问题,有必要重新思考岩浆相关矿床的形成机制。岩浆热液成矿理论失败的深层原因则是它将成矿作用看作是理想系统中的平衡线性过程,而成矿系统实际上是一种复杂性动力系统,成矿作用是一种非平衡、非线性过程;换句话说,在流行的岩浆热液成矿理论中,对成矿系统和成矿作用的基本属性缺乏正确的理解。在当今科学发展水平上,其失败是必然的,因而有必要构筑新的成矿理论。依据复杂性科学的基本原理,罗照华等(2007,2009)将熔浆和含矿流体看作是成矿系统中2个独立的子系统,认为它们的强相互作用及其环境约束主导了成矿系统的戏剧性变化;进而构筑了一个新的框架性模型,称为透岩浆流体成矿理论。该理论不仅可以解释比流行岩浆热液成矿理论更多的地质现象,还可以推导潜在的具体找矿标志,可能成为岩浆相关矿床成因研究的新起点。The current magmatic hydrothermal metallogenic theory（MHMT） assumes that the ore-bearing fluids are produced from the magma by differentiation,especially,by fractional crystallization.Attending to the close relation between the giant and super giant deposits and the minor intrusions,and to that a minor intrusion can not satisfies the mass balance,the endorsers further emphasize that there is a large magma chamber beneath the minor intrusion.Such interpretations are contrary to the observations in the ore fields and the theoretical deductions：（1） There are commonly many minerals which have greater densities than the host magma and melano-microgranular enclaves in the ore-bearing porphyries.This means there was not fractional crystallization in both the minor intrusion and the possible deep magma chamber.（2） There is not any evidence to suggest that the fluid produced by magmatic differentiation will be in action only then when the melt is consolidated,because the fluid is more active than the melt.（3） The wide compositional spectrum dike swarms are widespread seen in the ore fields.It is suggested that there was not syn-metallogenic large deep chamber beneath the minor intrusion.Therefore,the MHMT found itself in a tight corner not only due to the mass balance.It is necessary to consider new mechanisms related to metallogenesis of the endogenic mineral deposits.The root-cause induced the MHMT to failed is that the ore-forming processes are considered as equilibrium linear processes taken place in the ideal systems.The ore-forming system is actually a complex dynamic system and the mineralization is a non-equilibrium and non-linear process.In other words,the ore-forming system and the mineralization are understood incorrectly in the prevalent MHMT.At the modern level of sciences,its failing is inevitable.Then,it is necessary to construct a new theory.Based on the cardinal principles of science of complexity,Luo,et al.（2007,2009） considered the melt and the ore-bearing fluid as two subsystems i

关 键 词：岩浆热液 透岩浆流体 成矿理论 高位侵入体 成矿预测 复杂性动力系统 

分 类 号：P611.11[天文地球—矿床学]