云南省楚雄州10起急性职业中毒事件原因分析与预防对策  

Cause Analysis and Preventive Measures of 10 Incidents of Acute Occupational Poisoning in Chuxiong Prefecture of Yunnan Province

作　　者：胡黎明[1] 白光平[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省楚雄州疾病预防控制中心卫生监测科,675000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2011年第5期502-504,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解云南省楚雄州急性职业中毒事件发生的状况及分布规律,为预防和控制急性职业中毒提供科学依据和防治对策。方法用回顾性调查的方法,对楚雄州10年间发生的10起急性职业中毒事件进行分析。结果该州10起急性职业中毒事件,中毒人数146人,罹患率为66.36%;死亡6人,病死率为4.11%。职业中毒事件6起发生在乡镇企业。中毒主要在冶金和化工行业,共9起,中毒罹患率高达73.91%,且以硫化氢、砷化氢中毒为主。中毒原因主要是设备跑、冒、滴、漏,违反操作规程超负荷生产,无通风设施和个人防护不当。结论急性职业中毒应作为楚雄州职业病防治的重点,并应制定相应的防治措施。[Objective]To understand the status of acute occupational poisoning occurrence and its regularities of distribution in ChuXiong Prefecture of Yunnan Province,and provide scientific evidence and strategies for prevention and control of acute occupational poisoning. [Methods]Retrospective investigation was adopted to analyze 10 incidents of acute occupational poisoning occurred in ChuXiong Prefecture in 10 years. [Results]Of 10 incidents,146 were poisoned,with attach rate of 66.36%;6 were dead,with fatality rate of 4.11%.Six incidents occurred in township enterprises.Nine incidents occurred in metallurgical and chemical industry,with poisoning attack rate of 73.91%,mainly due to hydrogen sulfide and arsine.The main causes of poisoning were leakage of facilities,production overload,no ventilation and improper individual protection [Conclusion]Acute occupational poisoning should be taken as the focal point of occupational disease prevention which needs corresponding control measures.

关 键 词：急性职业中毒 原因分析 预防对策 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]