Effect of Long-Term Potassium Fertilization on Crop Yield and Potassium Efficiency and Balance Under Wheat-Maize Rotation in China  

作　　者：ZHANG Hui-Min YANG Xue-Yun HE Xin-Hua XU Ming-Gang HUANG Shao-Min LIU Hua WANG Bo-Ren 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources andRegional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 (China) [2]College of Resource and Environment, Northwest Sci- Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 (China) [3]Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Natural Resources, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027 (Australia) [4]Institute of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002 (China) [5]Institute of Soils, Fertilizers and Water-saving in Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Uriimqi, Xinjiang 830091 (China) [6]State Centre of Excellence for Ecohydrology and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009(Australia)

出　　处：《Pedosphere》2011年第2期154-163,共10页土壤圈（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 program) of China (Nos. 2011CB100501 and 2007CB309108);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41071200)

摘　　要：Sustainable potassium （K） management at different soil sites requires understanding the relationships between crop productivity and long-term K fertilizations on a regional or national scale. We analyzed responses of grain yield of wheat （Triticum aestivurn L.） and maize （Zea mays L.）, K efficiency, and partial balance （difference between K input through fertilizer and K output in the aboveground biomass） during 15- （1990-2005） or 18-year （1990-2008） K fertilizations at five distinctive agroecologicai zones across China. Compared to the inorganic nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） fertilization, the inorganic NPK fertilization significantly increased grain yields of wheat （21%） and maize （16% 72%） at Qiyang and Changping, where soils have low exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents, but not at Uriimqi, Yangling and Zhengzhou, where soils have a high exchangeable and non-exchangeable K and/or low N/K ratio in crop plants. Compared to the inorganic NPK fertilization, the inorganic NPK （30% N） and organic manure （70~~ N） fertilization （NPKM） increased grain yields of wheat （14%-40%） and maize （9%-6170） at four sites, but not at Zhengzhou. For a productivity of wheat at 2-5 t ha-1 or maize at 3-6 t ha 1, 13-26 or 9-17 kg K ha 1 were required to produce 1.0 t wheat or maize. The NP fertilization resulted in the lowest negative partial K balance and accumulated 52 kg K ha-1 year-1 less than the NPK fertilization, which accumulated 28 kg ha 1 year-1 less K than the NPKM fertilization. A re-evaluation of the site-specific fertilization effects on N/K ratio in crop plants and soil K accumulation under current NPK and NPKM t＇ertilization is urgently needed to increase both crop yield and K use efficiency at different agroecologicai zones across China.Sustainable potassium (K) management at different soil sites requires understanding the relationships between crop productivity and long-term K fertilizations on a regional or national scale.We analyzed responses of grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.),K efficiency,and partial balance (difference between K input through fertilizer and K output in the aboveground biomass) during 15-(1990-2005) or 18-year (1990-2008) K fertilizations at five distinctive agroecological zones across China.Compared to the inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization,the inorganic NPK fertilization significantly increased grain yields of wheat (21%) and maize (16%-72%) at Qiyang and Changping,where soils have low exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents,but not at rmqi,Yangling and Zhengzhou,where soils have a high exchangeable and non-exchangeable K and/or low N/K ratio in crop plants.Compared to the inorganic NPK fertilization,the inorganic NPK (30% N) and organic manure (70% N) fertilization (NPKM) increased grain yields of wheat (14%-40%) and maize (9%-61%) at four sites,but not at Zhengzhou.For a productivity of wheat at 2-5 t ha-1 or maize at 3-6 t ha-1,13-26 or 9-17 kg K ha-1 were required to produce 1.0 t wheat or maize.The NP fertilization resulted in the lowest negative partial K balance and accumulated 52 kg K ha-1 year-1 less than the NPK fertilization,which accumulated 28 kg ha-1 year-1 less K than the NPKM fertilization.A re-evaluation of the site-specific fertilization effects on N/K ratio in crop plants and soil K accumulation under current NPK and NPKM fertilization is urgently needed to increase both crop yield and K use efficiency at different agroecological zones across China.

关 键 词：exchangeable K internal K use efficiency K harvest index K uptake non-exchangeable K 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]