太湖重金属和营养盐污染特征分析  

Assessment and Characterization of Heavy Metals and Nutrients in Sediments from Taihu Lake

作　　者：袁和忠[1,2] 沈吉[1] 刘恩峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第3期649-657,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-YW-14-5);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2008CB418103);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2008055)

摘　　要：对太湖各湖区采样点沉积物的重金属Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr、Pb及营养盐Fe-P、TP含量进行分析.结果表明,太湖重金属含量高于地壳中的背景值,Cr和Pb富集程度高于其他金属.几乎所有采样点的沉积剖面的Pb含量自底部向表层迅速增加,表明1950年以来太湖流域含Pb等污染物的工业废水大量排放.竺山湾的重金属及营养盐的污染程度显著高于其他湖区,从沉积物底部向表层各重金属及磷含量自大约20 cm层位开始迅速增加,指示1950年以来竺山湾一直就是太湖污染物的重要排放区.Fe-P和TP之间的显著相关关系反映铁结合态磷是磷的重要形态,在环境条件变化的情况下,铁结合态磷可以释放到上覆水体中为藻类等生物所摄取利用,这也是太湖北部及西北部藻华频发的重要原因.The concentrations of Zn,Cu,Mn,Cr,Pb,Al,Fe,iron-bound P（Fe-P） and TP in the sediments from Taihu Lake,a eutrophic shallow lake,China,were determined.The results show that the concentrations of heavy metals are higher than those in the earth crust.Particularly,enrichments of Cr and Pb are more conspicuous than other metals.Moreover,the Pb content in all the sample sites increase markedly from bottom to top,which related to the numerous run-off of Pb-containing wastewater and atmospheric precipitation since 1950.Pollution level in Zhushan Bay of heavy metals and phosphorus is much more serious than other lake regions,and heavy metals and phosphorus contents increase rapidly from about 20 cm of the sediment profile upward,which reveal that the Zhushan Bay is a serious sewage discharging area since 1950.Besides,the significant correlation between Fe-P and TP indicates that Fe-P is an important phosphorus form which can release into the overlying water and be ingested by aquatic organism.That is,Fe-P is responsible for the algae bloom in north and northwest region of Taihu Lake.

关 键 词：评价 重金属 磷 污染 太湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]