石油污染土壤物化修复前后生物毒性效应  

Biological Toxicity Effect of Petroleum Contaminated Soil Before and After Physicochemical Remediation

作　　者：廉景燕[1] 哈莹[1] 黄磊[1] 居易[1] 石烁[1] 刘雷 张瑞玲[2] 隋红[2] 李鑫钢[3,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津理工大学化学化工学院,天津300384 [2]天津大学精馏技术国家工程中心,天津300072 [3]天津大学化工学院化工研究所,天津300072

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第3期870-874,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2007AA061202)

摘　　要：采用作物种子的发芽率作为生态指标对石油污染土壤进行毒性分析,并以蚯蚓为实验生物,研究了石油污染物的生物效应及其对土壤生态系统的影响.结果表明,不同的作物种子对石油污染表现出不同的耐受性,对照清洁土壤,大多数作物种子的萌发都明显受到石油污染的抑制,其中受石油污染影响最严重的是黄豆、蚕豆、玉米.相比之下,在不同石油污染水平下绿豆具有较高的耐受性,且种子发芽率均在90%以上.蚯蚓在受到污染胁迫时,在生理水平上会发生明显的变化,进而影响其存活和生长能力,实验观测到随着石油污染加重蚯蚓存活时间显著下降.在高污染水平石油污染的土壤中(石油污染水平>30 000 mg.kg-1),蚯蚓的耐性降低,仅可以存活5 d左右,说明石油烃对蚯蚓的毒性较大,主要是因为蚯蚓直接与石油接触导致其中毒脱水而死亡.处理后油田污染土,即使在污染水平很低(≈30 mg.kg-1)的情况下,蚯蚓存活时间依然很短(3 d左右),是因为经过石油醚处理过的土壤,其营养物质也随着石油而被处理掉,而土壤中有机质等营养物对蚯蚓的生存具有很大影响.Toxicity analysis was studied from using seed germination as an ecological indicator,and the earthworm was considered as a suitable biomonitor animal to determine the ecological hazard of polluted soil.The main results are as follows： These crop seeds have significantly different responses to petroleum pollution.Compared with those plants in clean soil,the germination of most crop seeds planted in contaminated soils is obviously inhabited.Soybean,horse bean and maize are the crop affected most adversely.Fortunately,strong endurance is observed for green soybean under 4 different levels of petroleum pollution,and the seed germination rate are all above 90%.When exposed to pollutants,earthworms could be changed obviously on the level of physiology.That might affect the survival and growth capacity of earthworms,and changed population finally.In high petroleum contaminated soil（concentration of petroleum 30 000 mg /kg） earthworms can only survive about 5 days.The results suggest that petroleum pollution has great poison to earthworms and can kill earthworms finally.Because pollutants make them dehydrate.Even on the low pollution level,the survival time of earthworm is still very short（3 d or so） in the treated petroleum-contaminated soil.Because after a petroleum ether-treated,the nutrients of soil are disposed with the oil,and the organic matter and other nutrients of the soil have a great impact on the survival of earthworms.

关 键 词：土壤 石油污染 毒性分析 修复 作物 蚯蚓 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]