美国集合实体规则的演进及评析  

On Evaluation and Its Development of Collective Entity Doctrine in U.S

作　　者：李忠民[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学法学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《河北法学》2011年第3期186-189,共4页Hebei Law Science

摘　　要："反对强迫自证其罪特权"是美国宪法第五修正条款的重要内容之一,这一特权的权域是在与集合实体规则的竞争中逐步得以明确的。通过判例,美国联邦最高法院已将集合实体规则适用于个人独资公司,投资者设立独资公司的行为被认为隐含地放弃了"不被强迫自证其罪特权",这一新近发展值得关注。通过考察集合实体规则在美国的演进过程及其遭遇的困境,提出在我国确立不被强迫自证其罪原则的同时,应明确这一特权无差别地适用于一切自然人,但当公安司法人员已经预知证据的存在及其持有人时,持有人无权主张不被强迫自证其罪权,必须提供该证据。The privilege against self-incrimination clause in the Fifth Amendment is important, and it is defined by Supreme Court applying Collective Entity Doctrine to cases. Now Collective Entity Doctrine can be applied to a wholly owned firm, and the alteration of a company from a sole proprietorship to a wholly owned firm will be regarded as implied abandon of the privilege against self-incrimination by court. In this article, the author firstly reviews the development of the Collective Entity Doctrine and its plight at present in U. S. Then, the author presents that the privilege of self-incrimination should be applied to all the nature person without any discrimination, and that a person who holds the tangible evidence can not invoke his privilege againsl self-incrimination when asked to produce them by the government who has prior knowledge of the existence, possession of those evidence.

关 键 词：集合实体规则 不被强迫自证其罪 刑事诉讼法再修改 

分 类 号：D971.21[政治法律—法学]