陕北坡地产流产沙特性及径流模拟  

Characteristic of Runoff-Sediment Yield and Runoff Simulation on Hillslope in Northern Shaanxi

作　　者：王娟[1] 史文娟[1] 王全九[1,2] 白鹏[1] 宋孝玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安710048 [2]黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室.陕西杨凌712i00

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第1期16-19,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD88B05);陕西省教育厅基金(08JK397);校创新基金项目(106-210708)

摘　　要：利用野外模拟降雨试验,研究了陕北坡地产流产沙的特性,结果表明:在相同雨强下,裸地径流总量是草地的1.15倍,是PAM地的1.46倍,是秸秆覆盖的2.64倍。裸地产沙总量是草地的1.3倍,是PAM地的1.5倍,是秸秆覆盖的44.4倍,秸秆覆盖的蓄水保沙效果最为显著;同一下垫面的累积产沙量与累积径流量呈显著的线性关系,相关系数0.95以上;根据短历时Philip公式建立的修正降雨产流模型,利用该模型对其径流进行了模拟。结果显示:修正的Philip模型可反映裸地、草地、PAM地的降雨产流特征,计算值与实测值误差在10%以内,满足精度要求,但对于秸秆覆盖地其适用性不强,有待于进一步研究。将土壤吸湿率S参数推求方法推广应用于草地以及PAM地,得到的土壤有效传导度与饱和导水率之间的关系为:草地K=0.90 KS,PAM地K=0.98 KS。该研究成果对于拟定不同黄土坡地的保水保肥措施具有重要参考意义。The rules of sediment and runoff using field simulated rainfall trails.The results show that： the runoff on barren land were 1.15,1.46 and 2.64 times greater than that on grass land and PAM land and straw mulch land,the sediment production on barren land were 1.3,1.5 and 44.4 times greater than that on grass land and PAM land and straw mulch land in the same rainfall intensity,and straw mulch was better than the others on the effect of soil and water conservation;cumulative sediment linearity increase with cumulative runoff,they had perfectly correlativity and correlation coefficient above 0.95;It simulates the measured runoff based on the short duration of runoff modified model.The simulations results indicated that the modified Philip model is be apply to predict runoff on bare land,grass land,PAM land which calculated and measured values within 10% to meet the accuracy requirements,however,it need further study because it is not flexible for the straw mulch.The soil absorption parameters of methods to estimate rates of S applied to the grass and PAM to get the relationship between the soil conductivity of and saturated hydraulic conductivity： grassland K=0.90KS,PAM land K=0.98KS.This study had a great significance to the choices of soil and water conservation measures.

关 键 词：产流 产沙 Philip入渗公式 下垫面 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]