黄土丘陵区引入阔叶树种枯落叶对针叶林土壤极化防治效应  

Effects of Introducing Litter of Broad-leaved Trees to Control Soil Polarization under Stands of Needle-leaved Forests in the Loess Hilly Area

作　　者：刘增文[1] 李茜[2] 潘岱立[1] 杨森浩[1] 李卓青[1] 罗伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第1期132-136,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070630);国家大学生创新性实验计划资助项目(西北农林科技大学2009年)

摘　　要：人工纯林的长期连续生长或连栽所引起的土壤性质极化是导致土壤退化和影响人工林生态系统稳定及可持续发展的重要原因,防治的根本途径是引入种间关系协调的其他树种形成针阔混交林。该研究针对陕北半湿润黄土丘陵区的针叶纯林,通过野外采集典型林地腐殖质层土壤和不同针阔树种当年枯落叶后进行室内混合培养试验结果表明,受自身枯落叶的影响,油松林地土壤会向偏碱化、土壤贫养(缺N)化和富啡酸含量减少的负向极化,最适宜引入的树种是小叶杨、辽东栎,其次为白桦,而刺槐不适宜;落叶松林地土壤会向偏碱化、土壤碱解N和速效K的缺乏及细菌、真菌数量减少的负向极化,最适宜引入的树种是小叶杨,其次为刺槐,而白桦和辽东栎不适宜;侧柏林地土壤会向土壤胡敏酸含量减少、部分酶酶活性降低和细菌数量明显减少的负向极化,最适宜引入的树种是小叶杨和辽东栎,而白桦和刺槐不适宜。Continuous growth and planting induced soil polarization is main cause of soil degradation and unbalanced or unsustainable development of artificial forest ecosystem.Fundmental way of controlling soil polarization is introducing other friendly tree species and forming mixed forest.In this paper,the pure needle-leaved forests in the semi-humid loess hilly area of northern Shaanxi province have been studied through experiments of incubation in laboratory that mixing humus soil of the pure needle-leaved forests with different leaves litter of needle-leaved and broad-leaved tree species.It indicated that,influenced by its own leaves litter,Pinus tabulaeformis forest would result in negative soil polarization including alkalify,depletion in soil nutrients（N）and decline in content of fulvic acid.The best suitable introduced tree species is Populus simonii and Quercus liaotungensis followed by Betula platyphylla,but Robinia pseudoacacia not suitable.Larix principis-rupprechtii forest would result in negative soil polarization including alkalify,depletion in available N and K,decline in amounts of bacteria and fungi.The best suitable introduced tree species is P.simonii followed by R.pseudoacacia,but B.platyphylla and Q.liaotungensis not suitable.Platycladus orientalis forest would result in negative soil polarization including depletion in humic acid,decline in a few enzyme activities and amount of bacteria.The best suitable introduced tree species is P.simonii and Q.liaotungensis,but B.platyphylla and R.pseudoacacia not suitable.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵区 人工林 土壤退化 土壤极化 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]