中国银额果蝇自然群体B染色体的分布  

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF Bs IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF Drosophila albomicans FROM CHINA

作　　者：凌发瑶[1] 王文[1] 何利萍[1] 林苏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,昆明650223

出　　处：《Zoological Research》1999年第4期265-272,共8页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 3 92 70 3 89;3 95 70 3 85 );中国科学院院长基金

摘　　要：经对我国银额果蝇(Drosophilaalbomicans)自然群体B染色体(Bs)的分布进行多年广泛地调查,共作过24个群体,572个单雌系,6738只个体的观察。从细胞和群体水平研究Bs的地理分布。结果发现,中国(除台湾省外)银额果蝇自然群体中普遍存在Bs。结合前人报道得出,Bs频率的地理分布出现了由东向西和由南向北的规律性的依次升高趋势。这种跨越不同地理环境的区域性梯度变异与其宿主向大陆内地扩散的推论相符。Bs频率最高(877%)的是海南岛的孤立隔离群体。大部分群体含Bs的数目多,最多达14条,为标准染色体数目(2n=6)的23倍。同时依据该果蝇Bs频率的地理分布特点,将我国现生的银额果蝇划归为5个生态型群体,即沿海丘陵群体、高原型群体、岛屿型群体、山地型群体和峡谷群体等。In the past years,we have extensively investigated the geographic distribution of B chromosomes (Bs) in natural populations of Drosophila albomicans in China.The karyotypes of 6?738 individuals from 572 isofemale lines in 24 populations were scored.The results revealed that Bs were widely distributed in all populations except Taiwan population.The number of Bs varied from 0 to 14 in different individuals.The frequency of occurrence was the highest in Hainan population,in which 87 7 percent of the individuals contained B chromosomes.Interestingly,we found the occurrence of Bs in D.albomicans displayed a cline pattern:the frequency increased from east to west,from south to north.Furthermore,correlation was found between Bs frequency and ecological condition of habitat.In terms of this correlation,we categorized these 24 populations into 5 ecological types:1) coastal hilly land populations,2)plateau populations,3) island populations,4) mountain populations,and 5) canyon populations.

关 键 词：银额果蝇 自然群体 B染色体分布 适应性 

分 类 号：Q969.462.2[生物学—昆虫学]