西双版纳片断山地雨林蚁科昆虫群落研究  

FORMICIDAE ANT COMMUNITIES IN FRAGMENTS OF MONTANE RAIN FOREST IN XISHUANGBANNA,CHINA

作　　者：徐正会[1] 杨比伦[1] 胡刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院资源学院

出　　处：《Zoological Research》1999年第4期288-293,共6页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!(青年基金 ;3 95 0 0 118);云南省应用基础研究基金!( 95C0 6 7Q)

摘　　要：西双版纳是中国具有热带雨林的3个地区之一。采用样地调查法对西双版纳自然保护区山地雨林和3块山地雨林片断的蚂蚁群落作了比较研究,目的是揭示保护区与各片断间距离对蚂蚁群落的影响。在4种样地中共计采集蚂蚁6亚科35属74种。与保护区距离不等的片断各有自己的特有种(10～11种),各片断的特有种少于自然保护区(15种)。随着片断与自然保护区的距离增加,片断与保护区共有物种数减少(从5种、3种至2种);最重要的优势种西氏拟毛蚁的比例依次增大(从2636%增至6912%)。保护区物种数(34种)明显高于各片断(26～29种)。保护区蚂蚁密度显著高于各片断(5478头/m2),在3块片断中蚂蚁密度随着与保护区距离的增加而递增(从1724、2094至3646头/m2)。4种样地中多样性指数和均匀度指数最大的不是自然保护区,而是距离保护区最近的片断1,分别为2767和0830。3块片断物种多样性指数和均匀度指数随着与保护区的距离增加依次递减,而优势度指数递增。3块片断与自然保护区的相似性系数随着与保护区距离的增加而减小(从029、024至015)。可见距离对山地雨林片断的蚂蚁群落有显著影响。Xishuangbanna is one of three areas where tropical rain forest can be found in China.Ant communities of montane rain forest in nature reserve area and 3 fragments in Xishuangbanna were compared through a sampling investigating method.Our aim was to reveal the distance influence upon the ant communities.Seventy four ant species belonging to 6 subfamilies and 35 genera were collected in 4 types of sample plot.Fragments with different distance from nature reserve area had their own endemic species separately (10-11 species),but the number was all less than that of nature reserve area (15 species).With the distance from nature reserve area increasing,the common species of fragment and nature reserve area decreased (from 5,3,to 2 species),but percentage of the most important dominant species Pseudolasius silvestrii Wheeler increased (from 26 36% to 69 12%).The number of species in nature reserve area (15 species) was distinctly larger than in fragments (26-29 species).Individual density in nature reserve area (547 8/m 2) was higher than in fragments,and the density of fragments increased (from 172 4/m 2,209 4/m 2,to 364 6/m 2) with the distance from nature reserve area increasing.Among the 4 sample plot types,fragment 1,which was closest to nature reserve area,rather than nature reserve area,had the maximum of species diversity index and evenness index (2 767 and 0 830 respectively).With the distance from nature reserve area increasing,species diversity indices and evenness indices of the 3 fragments decreased,but predominant indices increased.Similarity coefficient between nature reserve area and 3 fragments decreased (from 0 29,0 24,to 0 15) with distance from nature reserve area increasing.The results show that distance has great influence upon ant communities in fragments of montane rain forest,and fragmentation is harmful for biodiversity protection.

关 键 词：山地雨林 蚂蚁群落 物种多样性 西双版纳 

分 类 号：Q969.554.2[生物学—昆虫学]